In this chapter, the Mongols (or as Gibbon interchangeably calls them, the Moguls/Tartars) rise from Central Asia and make vast conquests to the north, south, east and west. But after the reign of Zingis/Genghis, the Turkes return as the main threat to the Byzantine empire. See also my notes on the global economic system, the Seven Churches of Asia, Gibbon repeating himself, Чингис хаан, religious toleration, Chinese etymology and the Battle of Kosovo.