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  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: If you only follow Brexit from a legal – or legalistic – perspective you will miss many things For example, the mad d…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: But if you understand Brexit only in terms of politics you will miss perhaps a great deal more Here, in broadly chron…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: At the very beginning of the process – the “re-negotiation” Breathless pundits and their sources presented this as a…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: The referendum Until the vote, few if any on the Leave side had realised that the vote had no legally binding effect…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Theresa May’s conference speech, 2016 When May blithely declared her red lines and unrealistic timetable, there was c…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: The run-up to notification By the end of 2016, the EU27 negotiating team was in place, with draft guidelines for the…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: By start of 2017, EU27 was ready at any point to get EU27 sign-off on binding legal guidelines for its negotiation man…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: EU27 presented a suite of formal documents to substantiate each of its negotiating objectives for the deal text UK ha…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Sequencing Control of the agenda meant control of how the legal text developed UK just had bombast and boasted of wi…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Negotiation Brexiters believed (and believe) it is all a test of will and shouting louder – that the EU27 just need t…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Lack of trust The Brexiter playing to the domestic gallery meant that EU27 sought to pin-down UK first with the joint…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Article 50 period The notification was treated like a press release, a test of political virility UK wasted time onc…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: End game For EU27, the negotiated legal text was end of a process started in 2016, from objectives to final legal tex…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Prorogation Johnson and Cummings thought they could blag their way to a five week shut-down of parliament Their supp…
  • Tue, 09:41: RT @davidallengreen: Benn Act And now, Brexiter pundits and politicians clap and cheer about possible ways to avoid the Benn Act, even tho…
  • Tue, 09:42: RT @davidallengreen: This thread could have dozens of more examples At each stage of the process, the belief that things were just a matte…
  • Tue, 09:42: RT @davidallengreen: None of this to say is that law explains everything, or indeed many things, about Brexit And there are things legal c…
  • Tue, 09:42: RT @davidallengreen: The sad thing, nothing has been learned Every set-back just makes Brexiters shoutier about political will And then t…
  • Tue, 10:08: RT @davidallengreen: The fatal flaws ranked 1. Article 50 notification, without preparation or thought 2. Conference redlines in October…
  • Tue, 10:22: RT @lowflyingrocks: 2019 TM3, 9m-20m in diameter, just passed the Earth at 10km/s, missing by 479,000km. https://t.co/s4qGVfaD0y

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A Local Habitation, by Seanan McGuire

Second paragraph of third chapter:

Stacy didn’t answer when I called the house. I left a quick message asking her to come by and feed Spike and the cats until I got back. I glossed over how long my absence was likely to be. The last thing I needed was for her to start calling Sylvester, demanding to know whether he was trying to get me killed. I couldn’t blame her for reacting that way. After all, the last time I went on a job for him, I got turned into a fish and spent fourteen years swimming around a pond in Golden Gate Park. Still. That sort of thing doesn’t happen twice, and I didn’t want her to worry.

This is the second volume of McGuire’s popular October Daye series, collectively twice on the final ballot for the Hugo Awards (coincidentally in the two years in which I was the administrator). I read the eighth volume in 2017 and the first volume this year as I prepared my ballot, and I have to be honest, I ranked the series at the bottom of my ballot on both occasions. (Voters also ranked it 6th in 2017, but 4th in 2019.)

I won’t read any more. I wrote in 2017,

I completely bounced off the core concept of a Gaelic otherworld conveniently located in the American West, with no visible representation from other less foreign supernatural traditions.

That may have been true of the ninth volume, but this one does have a few non-Celtic entities, a Japanese kitsune and a Geek dryad (who however has gone cyber). Still, I found it very jarring. The fact is that San Francisco has been a major European settlement for less than 200 years; how then does it mysteriously have a parallel world of ancient Celtic entities full of European chivalric traditions sitting alongside it? And what has happened to the supernatural beings of the more indigenous traditions? On top of that, the characters need to infodump to us about the rules of their parallel society; and I have to say that when the murderer was revealed, it was someone who I had barely noticed in the plot earlier.

Obviously a lot of people love this, and that’s fine. But it’s a bit annoying to have the Celtic heritage applied as if it were a universal; for us Celtic types (and I think for Europeans generally), part of the charm of the old myths is precisely that they are tied to particular places and cultures, not claiming to be a universal experience.

This was the top unread sf book on my pile. If you want, you can get it here. Next is The Invisible Man, by H.G. Wells.

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Art in September

Stuff that we did last month that I didn't get around to writing up.

The first weekend of the month had the usual zomerfeest. The live music mostly happened on Saturday night; on Sunday the barbeque was enlivened by Les Nicolettes, a Leuven troup of majorettes. They somehow look very Belgian.

The usual exhibition of art by villagers included some sculptures that caught my eye.


(Those last ones are actually by Anne.)

The following weekend there was a comics festival in the park in Brussels; F and U both came.

And the next weekend there was more art on display in Oud-Heverlee, with Anne’s creations on display again, thi time guarded by these characters:

but this time with several musical performances, of which two exploited the Chapel of Our Lady of Steenberghen in the woods. On the Saturday, the VocEns choir of De Vonk Academie did some acapella songs:

And the next day, Patrizia Hardt sang and Eli Poppe played the lute:

Eli then got out his big instrument. (Well, now I know what a theorbo looks like – I had always assumed it was one of the woodwind family, related to the oboe.)

We’re on an anniversary break in the Netherlands this weekend; more pics to come.

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In Ethiopia with a Mule, by Dervla Murphy

Second paragraph of third chapter:

A few miles south of Aksum we climbed a long, rocky ridge, dotted with round, green bushes, and on the crest I was glad that I had walked ahead and could enjoy this moment alone. Below me —like a vast bowl brimming with beauty — lay a broad, sunny valley, lined with golden grasses, and from its floor rose a low hill, crowned by a tree-surrounded church, and faintly, across the silence, came the solemn chanting of many priests — a sound so sweet in its remoteness that it seemed to belong to the soul of the mountains rather than to the rituals of man.

I've never actually met Dervla Murphy, but I worked with her in 1990-91 when she was one of the judges of the Christopher Ewart-Biggs Prize and I was the prize's administrator (my career of literary awards did not start with the Hugos or the Clarke Award). I knew of course Full Tilt, her memoir of travelling overland to India by bicycle in 1963, her autobiography, Wheels Within Wheels, and her account of mid-1970s Northern Ireland, A Place Apart. Here she visits Ethiopia in 1966-7, walking most of the way from the Red Sea to Addis Ababa with a helpful mule who she christens Jock.

As an Irish citizen, she gets a great deal of help from the British Consul in Asmara (then of course a provincial capital, now the capital of the independent state of Eritrea) and the British Ambassador in Addis Ababa, both of them named Bromley (the ambassador had a dreadful tragedy in his past, but if Murphy knew about it, she did not mention it); and also dramatically from the eldest granddaughter of the emperor, whose husband (also of royal blood) was the governor of Tigray.

Ethiopia is a hugely important country that we should all pay more attention to. Its population is 112 million, the 12th highest in the world, and the annual rate of economic growth is between 7% and 11% (from the last decade). I changed planes there a few times in South Sudan days, and in April 2010 stayed in the city itself for three days due to connection problems with Juba. I found it fascinating to see a rapidly expanding and increasingly outward-looking society, with shopfronts advertising their wares in both Amharic and English (and this in a country that the Brtish never even tried to colonise). In those days, of course, the population was only 90 million, 20% less than now.

Dervla Murphy was there when Ethiopia's population was only 25 million (26 million if you count Eritrea) and the world as a whole was a bigger place. Even so, foreigners are not at all unknown – she hooks up with some English mountaineers and climbs Ethiopia's two highest peaks (both of which are apparently very strollable). But she deliberately goes through countryside and wild territory which are a bit more off the beaten track, sleeping in tukuls if villagers are hospitable, in the wild otherwise. She gets robbed three times – in one case, she helps the police lead a successful expedition to catch the thieves, but the other two culprits get away. More humorously, it turns out that her surname has odd local resonances – መርፍእ ["merifi’i"] in Tigrinya and መርፌ ["merifē"] in Amharic both mean "needle"/"injection".

Apart from thieves, the two sets of people she has most disdain for are the Church and international aid workers. She sees ancient heritage being ruined or sold off by its supposed guardians, and has some unpleasant experiences in monasteries. (Also the nastiest of the thieves is in fact a priest.) At the end of the book she is dismayed by the aid worker scene in Addis Ababa, feeling a complete disconnect with the realities of the countryside that she had walked through. It's a vivid portrait of a country at a time of transition. You can get it here.

Prince Mengesha, whose hospitality she enjoyed in Makalle/Mekelle, is still alive aged 91. His wife, Princess Aida Desta, died in 2013 aged 85. During the Derg regime, from 1974 to 1988, she was imprisoned in a small room in a prison in Addis Ababa. The prison was closed in 2004 and demolished in 2007; the headquarters of the African Union, where I spent some time back in 2010, was built on its site, funded by the Chinese.

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Blake’s 7: the first series (1978)

A few weeks ago I realised that if I tried watching a Blake's 7 episode every two days, starting on 10 September, then I will get to the end on this year's Gauda Prime Day, 21 December. So I've been working through the first series, and have just finished it. As it happens I tried a Blake's 7 rewatch back in 2007-8, and got as far as the end of the first series (and tried again in 2009 but never got past the first episode), so here I'm going to update my previous remarks, linking to each episode on Youtube.

17 May 2007:

Back in January 1978, I was in my last year in primary school, coming up to my eleventh birthday; and Blake's 7 started, the story of a group of desperate future freedom fighters battling against the evil Federation. I see that there is now a new version being webcast [link has died, but I guess this was the Big Finish version?], and as soon as I can work out how to download these and convert to MP3s for easy listening, I'll be onto it. (Technical assistance on this gratefully accepted.) (Though they are by Ben Aaronovitch, so not sure how excited I can get.)

Just to say that I have revised my views on Ben Aaronovitch significantly since then.

But meantime I sat down and re-watched the first three TV episodes from 1978. After getting over my shock at how young they all look (all in their 30s, I think, so younger than I am now), I found myself really enjoying it. The first three episodes are a more tightly-linked narrative than the others, as Blake gets together his team and gets control of the alien technology of the Liberator. But they feel very different from each other as well; this is not yer six-part Terry Nation Doctor Who story.


The Way Back: A lot of effort goes into building up a picture of a future Earth which (if I remember correctly) we never actually return to over the next four seasons. (See the director's reflections on this.)

There are some surprising weaknesses in it – there are longueurs that would be intolerable in today's Doctor Who, whose episodes are about the same length. One has to ask oneself why, if the Federation holds life so cheap (the body count in this episode must surely be one of the highest for the entire series), they don't simply kill Blake off as they do so many others. Also the mind-control aspects of the plot, which are potentially very interesting in a Philip K Dick kind of way, are simply left aside by later writers if I remember rightly. But the atmosphere of the repressive government is brilliantly conveyed; these are people that you immediately want to fight against, and you want Blake to fight against them and win.

On one minor plot point: It is difficult to imagine framing someone on paedophilia charges being treated so incidentally in a drama written today. I wonder if Terry Nation got this one from Roger Zelazny's Today We Choose Faces, published in 1973, where the narrator(s) (one of whose names is Black) do(es) the same thing to a minor character (who turns out to be his/their love interest's father).

Notes from rewatch on 3 September 2009:

First, the look of it is even better than I remembered. The camera shots through bars, or stairs angled to look like bars, reinforce the claustrophobia. The close-ups on Blake's eye bring home to us that his perception (and thus ours) has been altered and may not be completely reliable. The silent guards in their masks and black uniforms are very sinister indeed. The shots of Blake's memory being wiped are effective so it's not surprising that they get used twice.

Second, the show does a good job of subverting our expectations for what kind of series this is going to be. The very first word from an on-screen character is spoken by former child star Gillian Bailey, who was one of the Double Deckers (if you don't know, don't ask). Then we go to the rebel meeting chaired by Robert Beatty, veteran of various screen performances (Who fans will know him as the General in The Tenth Planet). It looks rather as if Bailey and Beatty are going to play central characters in this new series; but they are mercilessly mown down. (A bit like Temmosus of the Thals, with some important differences.)

Then it looks like Blake may be sprung by his lawyer, even though the lawyer and his wife are played by less luminous actors, and we may be moving towards a series with Blake's new friends Jenna and Vila in space, and Tel and Maja Varon as his agents on earth, Blake somehow operating in between. But the Varons too are killed, off-screen, though we glimpse their twisted corpses.

The Way Back gives us no idea of what sort of show this is going to turn into. The first episode ends with Blake's permanent deportation from Earth, for crimes he didn't commit, his only allies killed by the government. It is not a happy ending, but it certainly left my ten-year-old self wanting to watch more back in 1978.

As I noted in 2009, literally the first character to be seen speaking, young rebel Ravella (also the first character to be killed off) is played by Gillian Bailey, who only a few years earlier was Billie on Here Come the Double Deckers!.

I would add that the sexual spark between Blake's lawyer and his wife, played by Michael Halsey and Pippa Steel, is very convincing. And the scenes of dystopian scrubland outside the future city were filmed in Bray, Berkshire, now in Theresa May’s Maidenhead constituency.

17 May 2007 (again):


Space Fall: I think the least successful of the three, in that it just involves people talking and occasionally fighting on a spaceship, or on two spaceships (once we find out about the Liberator). Having said that, we have a lot of useful introduction – Jenna, Avon and Gan all make their first appearances here (Vila having already been briefly in the previous episode). And we are slightly on tenterhooks as to who is actually going to be a regular character and who isn't: the unfortunate Nova looks at first like he is going to be one of the Seven, but then gets suffocated by oozing gel.

The Federation officials continue to be utterly horrible, with Leylan, who seems like the nice cop, unable to restrain the nasty Raiker. And the contrast between the functional Federation ship and the alien if dusty Liberator (not yet called that) is effective.

What struck me this time was the weird 1970s image of future tech, which I guess was also true for the first episode but more noticeable here with less plot going on. You have to have big chunky keyboards and flashing lights.


Cygnus Alpha: This is the one where we meet the alien technology of teleportation, that point where Blake's 7 tried to prove that it was not just aping Star Trek – the visuals were different, the psychological approach to the technology was different, though unfortunately it still worked just exactly the same as the elder version. It memorably features Brian Blessed as Vargas, the leader of the peculiar cult on the eponymous prison planet, which ends with exactly what Avon had predicted happening to him: "I would imagine that they would appear momentarily in space, and then that their atoms would be scattered to the solar winds."

Again, it's not clear who is going to be among the 7 until the very last moment – especially since, in fact, we are still not up to our full complement by episode's end, with only five humans aboard the Liberator (we don't yet know for sure that Zen counts as one of them).

Oddly enough the teleportation technology is an excuse for a significant exchange between Blake, Avon and Jenna. The two men have just discovered that they both had worked on a project on a similar technology back on earth; Jenna tells them sharply, "I didn't work on it." It's almost a defining moment: the key relationship in the series is between Blake and Avon, and the women are sidelined now and mostly hereafter as well. I have written before about Terry Nation's women characters, concluding by praising him for the introduction of Soolin in later Blake's 7 series, but Nick Barlow pointed out that in fact she almost certainly came from someone else.

Here I noted with interest the first of several evil priestesses, played by Pamela Salem, who appeared in Doctor Who twice (and also in The West Wing as the British prime minister).

And the dialogue is getting good as we settle into the format:

Blake: [Blake picks up an alien device on the Liberator] Hand gun?
Avon: It's a bit elaborate for a toothpick.
Blake: It depends on how elaborate their teeth were.

1 July 2007:


Time Squad: The title of this episode is very peculiar. I suppose it could refer to the alien guards on the captured space pod, but the only sense in which they are a "time squad" is that they are drifting forward in time in suspended animation. It's even more difficult to make it fit any of the other groups of characters in the story.

However, a lot of this episode is about misdirection of the audience by the writer. At the start, it looks like we are going to settle into a pattern of Blake and team attacking Federation assets à la Resistance fighters of the second world war, and each episode is therefore going to be a raid of the week. But once we have the problems of the pod's inhabitants running wild about the Liberator, and the sense that the ship itself is powerful but not completely reliable, it looks like this is actually a story about beating off an infiltration on-board while still trying to pull off the mission on the ground. And then there is a further twist, as it turns out that the resistance fighters planetside have been reduced to one telepathic babe.

The episode then resolves in a fairly standard way – alien threat defeated, Federation base blown up as planned – but there have been enough twists getting there that you feel you've had your money's worth. And we now know who the Seven are.

Watching the episodes in quick succession, I was struck by the hint that some time has passed for the characters since Cygnus AlphaBlake: You have to be careful of the plant life around here. Some of it's carnivorous. Some species even have an intelligence rating.
Vila: That's a comfort. I should hate to be eaten by something stupid.


The Web: This episode is partly about more back-story for Cally, but I think much more about Blake and to a lesser extent Avon. I saw this first time round in 1978, but had forgotten the detail (possibly lost on me when I was ten) that the evil scientists on the ground are dissidents from Cally's people. It's noticeable that the three people who we see being taken over by the baddies' brain influence are the three women, Cally, Jenna and the female cyborg. I found the crew's willingness to forgive Cally for sabotaging the ship (even if under mind control) rather too swift. Surely after what happened last episode they should have learnt to be wary of alien interlopers?

But we have lots of Blake here, both ethical!Blake and gay!Blake. Ethical!Blake in his growing realisation of what the situation actually is, and in the end in his refusal to countenance the destruction of the Decimas, even though this means danger for his own crew. (That final scene in the lab, with the Decimas contemptuously trashing the bodies of the cyborgs, is pretty horrific and did linger in my memory for the last thirty years!)

But also gay!Blake in his relationship with Avon – that moment when Avon throws himself at Blake to protect him from the bomb which is about to explode is fantastic – Avon tries to explain it away as an instinctuive reflex – yeah, right, their hands are practically intertwining. And there is practically no body chemistry between the men and the women on the Liberator, apart from Vila's attempt to chat up mind-controlled Cally – which would probably have been disastrous anyway, as rather than compliment her on her appearance he asks her to compliment him on his!

NB also lots of classic Terry Nation twists – this is basically a riff on Davros and the Daleks, with the important difference that the Decimas are not in fact evil.

Full marks to for spotting this link.

It seemed to me even more jarring this time that Cally, the newest of the crew, is not treated with more suspicion by the others when under mind control. Again, maybe this jumps out more when you are watching the episodes a day or so apart rather than a week apart.

And jeepers, the final scene with the Decimas remains as chilling to 52-year-old me as it was for 10-year-old me.

7 November 2008:


Seek-Locate-Destroy is the one which introduces Blake's foes Travis and Servalan, in a scene of crackling testosterone. We also get the unexpected bonus of Peter Miles (Nyder in Genesis of the Daleks) as Secretary Rontane, demanding Blake's head, and some lovely lines from Vila: "Tell him I've just worked out a completely new strategy. It's called running away." "There isn't a lock I can't open – if I'm scared enough." Nice character bits as they attack the complex in the first half of the episode.

Unfortunately after that first scene with Servalan, Stephen Greif seems to rather lose interest in playing Travis and Terry Nation rather loses interest in giving him anything interesting to do. The core of the plot is promising – Blake risking all to rescue captured Cally – but in the end it is rather disappointing that he simply teleports through the defences that Travis has laboriously set up precisely to prevent him from doing so, and the dramatic punch evaporates.

Poor Cally – it takes ages for the crew to realise that they have left her behind, and it's not as if it is difficult to count to five.

It is interesting that the Federation already has a rough idea of Liberator's speed and capabilities, suggesting again that there has been a lot more action off-screen that we have not seen.

Incidentally, both Gareth Thomas and Jacqueline Pearce were in the 1974 BBC David Copperfield (as Murdstone and Rosa Dartle respectively). But he was in the first two episodes and she was in episodes 3-6, so they were not on screen together.


Mission to Destiny is an interesting example of B7 veering into a completely different genre, as essentially a locked-room murder mystery on board a spaceship, with a subplot of Perilous Journey for Blake and the others. Avon solves the mystery and gets one of the best quotes ever. (Cally: "My people have a saying, 'A man who trusts can never be betrayed, only mistaken.'" Avon: "Life expectancy must be fairly short among your people.") John Leeson, the Voice of K9, plays one of the spaceship crew whose mutual antagonisms support the plot. We also get a glimpse of life on human planets outside the Federation.

It all works except for the Liberator sub-plot, where the timings (desperate run to the planet Destiny, through the meteor storm, yet somehow back again in time to catch the Destiny crew before the bad guys arrive) just don't work out. Also it might not have been a bad idea to check that there was something in the box before risking life and limb for it.

This is a very good example of Terry Nation's approach to an episodic series by having the occasional episode with very little relation to the main narrative, the same sort of spirit that we would later see with Buffy. As far as I remember we get more of this later on. But the answer to the mystery is rather obvious…


As for Duel, it is essentially an interesting variation on the equivalent Star Trek, Frederic Brown and Longyear – most notably, that Blake and Travis get their companions as well to help them. Again, Avon gets the best line ("Blake is sitting up in a tree; Travis is sitting up in another tree. Unless they're planning to throw nuts at one another, I don't see much of a fight developing before it gets light.") Some good special effects especially as Liberator rams Travis's ship.

As always with this type of story, I am bothered by the fact that we don't get a good handle on the means and motivation of the god-like aliens. Poor Isla Blair, playing Sinofar, was obviously rather cold. The concept of the Mutoids is good and well explored though.

Just to make the point that Sinofar is another evil priestess (as indeed is Patsy Doyle as Giroc).


Project Avalon works perhaps the best of these four episodes. It is strangely reminiscent of a couple of Terry Nation's Doctor Who stories – the whole underground lab reached through a cave complex thing from Genesis of the Daleks (and indeed The Daleks), the android doubles from The Android Invasion (and less seriously The Chase) and the super-vicious virus from Death to the Daleks! (and referenced also in Genesis). Here he has boiled some of his own favourite themes together to make a decent drama.

I still don't like Stephen Greif as Travis, but I did like the changed relationship with Servalan, she now is putting him under pressure to deliver (and I'm not really sure that his assertion that he could have eliminated Blake but for the Federation's insistence on capturing the Liberator is supported by that we have seen on screen). A lot of fans don't like Julia Vidler as Avalon but I think she's OK, both as Avalon herself and the android double. Some decent special effects as well. Vila and his heat suit is hilarious. Even Blake gets a good line ("They probably tried to surrender…). The best of these four. Apart from the stupid robot.

I had completely forgotten ever watching this episode before, but again I rather enjoyed it. It was also fun to recognise the Wookey Hole caves from Revenge of the Cybermen and David Bailie from The Robots of Death (which Pamela Salem was also in). I totally failed to recognise Glynis Barber as the main Mutoid, despite the fact that she becomes the regular character Soolin in future series.

23 November 2008:


Breakdown – The one about Gan's limiter breaking down (hence the title). The first half is a bit silly, with David Jackson doing manic grunting and throwing the rest of them around while yet another dangerous sector of space must be crossed; the second half is really rather good, with the two tensions of 1) is the surgery going to work and 2) is Avon going to defect from the crew. Julian Glover is brilliant as nasty genius surgeon Kayn, and Avon is at his most sinister, with the Avon/Blake relationship at its worst. Also we have the comic relief of Kayn's sexist assistant: "I love girls with a sense of humour" – to which Jenna replies, "Yes, I can see where that would be an advantage." But I must say this isn't the one I would show someone to get them into the series.

Blake's 7 really isn't that good at convincing plots about space threats. Why on earth does Zen shut down and refuse to be helpful? It makes no sense, and then there is no follow-up from the rest of the crew to try and make sure it doesn't happen again. So for all they know, Zen will just shut down again the next time they face a severe threat. Not very satisfactory.

But Julian Glover is tremendous.


Bounty – A drastically overpadded story. This is the one where for no apparent reason they are rescuing an ex-President and the Liberator, again for no apparent reason, gets temporarily captured (offscreen) by bounty-hunters who are old friends of Jenna's. There is one good line – Avon reflecting to fellow captive Blake that "None of us showed conspicuous intelligence on this occasion." Vila gets some nice moments, and it seems that Jenna has a past and a personality as well. But this could have been a decent story at half the length.

On rewatching, I thought the first half was dramatically quite strong, apart from the fact that the guards are very very stupid indeed as well as being poor shots. The location is lovely though – the Waterloo Tower in Quex Park. And for once Cally gets to use her telepathic skills.

NB that the two main villainous robed guys are both played by actors who were born in India. Yep, the first visible non-white characters in the whole of Blake’s 7 are thieves and collaborators, who hit on Jenna.


Deliverance – This is much more like it. Here the two stories are 1) Avon finds himself the subject of a prophecy saving a lost race, also subject to the worship of the charming Meegat; and 2) Ensor junior hijacks the Liberator in an attempt to save his father, as the result of an unusually evil plot by Servalan which even has Travis blinking. Avon, having been a potential turncoat two episodes previously, is now forced to discover some nobility of character by circumstances, and duly does so (Vila to Avon: "Counting yourself, that makes two people who think you're wonderful". Poor Cally continues her descent into uselessness, being mere canon-fodder for Ensor junior's hostage-taking. Jenna, captured by savages, does rather better.

Just to note that Meegat is yet another priestess, though not actually evil, played by Suzan Farmer who I don’t think I have seen in anything else, but she was married to Ian McShane until her death in 2017. I did wonder about the ecosystem on her planet. The Primitives appear to have no women.

Speaking of women, it’s unfortunate that Cally and Jenna end up being peril monkeys here.


Orac – The season ends with one of its strongest stories. With Deliverance, it's the first properly linked pair of stories since the very start of the season; all the crew who went down-planet last week falling ill with radiation sickness this week. It depends on a rather odd distribution of medicines (Ensor doesn't have what he needs, but does have what the Liberator folks need) but once you swallow that, it's tense and well-paced. I was mildly puzzled by the way in which Servalan and Travis didn't quite seem in phase once we switched to the studio scenes, and it turns out that Stephen Greif was injured and couldn't do them; in which case I think they handled it well.

Did anyone else think that Derek Farr as Ensor was very much channelling William Hartnell's Doctor? More on this below.

The final cliff-hanger – Orac's prediction that the Liberator would be destroyed – kept us all guessing for a year; was that the prediction on the screen, or was that what had actually happened?

I had forgotten that Orac does not actually say that the Liberator will be destroyed – the line is “space vehicle will be destroyed” and then what looks like the Liberator blowing up.

I was really struck by Vere Lorrimer's skill in persuading us that a quarry in Rickmansworth is an alien seaside, by use of stock pictures and sound effects of waves rolling in. I think the lizard-thing is the first actual alien non-human monster we have had too; there are plenty of human monsters in the Blake's 7 universe.

My conclusion after all of this is that anyone who wants to appreciate Terry Nation's work in Blake's 7 also needs to see his early Doctor Who serial, The Keys of Marinus. The six 25-minute episodes are essentuially five distinct stories, the last being a two-parter, in which the regulars are sent to different environments for the adventure of the week. Several of them – the murder mystery, the chilly environment, the bottled brains – have fairly direct parallels in B7, but I'm more struck by the underlying concept of subjecting your team to different stresses and seeing what it brings out of them – Nation wasn't actually terribly good at this, but the thought was there. One thing he manages in B7 which he didn't do so often in Who was humour. Well, we'll see if the new Survivors is any cop.

I never got around to the new Survivors, but am glad to be back with Blake’s 7.

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Blake’s 7: the first series (1978)

Blake’s 7: the first series (1978)

A few weeks ago I realised that if I tried watching a Blake’s 7 episode every two days, starting on 10 September, then I will get to the end on this year’s Gauda Prime Day, 21 December. So I’ve been working through the first series, and have just finished it. As it happens I tried a Blake’s 7 rewatch back in 2007–8, and got as far as the end of the first series (and tried again in 2009 but never got past the first episode), so here I’m going to update my previous remarks, linking to each episode on Youtube.

17 May 2007:

Back in January 1978, I was in my last year in primary school, coming up to my eleventh birthday; and Blake’s 7 started, the story of a group of desperate future freedom fighters battling against the evil Federation. I see that there is now a new version being webcast [link has died, but I guess this was the Big Finish version?], and as soon as I can work out how to download these and convert to MP3s for easy listening, I’ll be onto it. (Technical assistance on this gratefully accepted.) (Though they are by Ben Aaronovitch, so not sure how excited I can get.)

Just to say that I have revised my views on Ben Aaronovitch significantly since then.

But meantime I sat down and re-watched the first three TV episodes from 1978. After getting over my shock at how young they all look (all in their 30s, I think, so younger than I am now), I found myself really enjoying it. The first three episodes are a more tightly-linked narrative than the others, as Blake gets together his team and gets control of the alien technology of the Liberator. But they feel very different from each other as well; this is not yer six-part Terry Nation Doctor Who story.

The Way Back: A lot of effort goes into building up a picture of a future Earth which (if I remember correctly) we never actually return to over the next four seasons. (See the director’s reflections on this.)

There are some surprising weaknesses in it — there are longueurs that would be intolerable in today’s Doctor Who, whose episodes are about the same length. One has to ask oneself why, if the Federation holds life so cheap (the body count in this episode must surely be one of the highest for the entire series), they don’t simply kill Blake off as they do so many others. Also the mind-control aspects of the plot, which are potentially very interesting in a Philip K Dick kind of way, are simply left aside by later writers if I remember rightly. But the atmosphere of the repressive government is brilliantly conveyed; these are people that you immediately want to fight against, and you want Blake to fight against them and win.

On one minor plot point: It is difficult to imagine framing someone on paedophilia charges being treated so incidentally in a drama written today. I wonder if Terry Nation got this one from Roger Zelazny’s Today We Choose Faces, published in 1973, where the narrator(s) (one of whose names is Black) do(es) the same thing to a minor character (who turns out to be his/their love interest’s father).

Notes from rewatch on 3 September 2009:

First, the look of it is even better than I remembered. The camera shots through bars, or stairs angled to look like bars, reinforce the claustrophobia. The close-ups on Blake’s eye bring home to us that his perception (and thus ours) has been altered and may not be completely reliable. The silent guards in their masks and black uniforms are very sinister indeed. The shots of Blake’s memory being wiped are effective so it’s not surprising that they get used twice.

Second, the show does a good job of subverting our expectations for what kind of series this is going to be. The very first word from an on-screen character is spoken by former child star Gillian Bailey, who was one of the Double Deckers (if you don’t know, don’t ask). Then we go to the rebel meeting chaired by Robert Beatty, veteran of various screen performances (Who fans will know him as the General in The Tenth Planet). It looks rather as if Bailey and Beatty are going to play central characters in this new series; but they are mercilessly mown down. (A bit like Temmosus of the Thals, with some important differences.)

Then it looks like Blake may be sprung by his lawyer, even though the lawyer and his wife are played by less luminous actors, and we may be moving towards a series with Blake’s new friends Jenna and Vila in space, and Tel and Maja Varon as his agents on earth, Blake somehow operating in between. But the Varons too are killed, off-screen, though we glimpse their twisted corpses.

The Way Back gives us no idea of what sort of show this is going to turn into. The first episode ends with Blake’s permanent deportation from Earth, for crimes he didn’t commit, his only allies killed by the government. It is not a happy ending, but it certainly left my ten-year-old self wanting to watch more back in 1978.

As I noted in 2009, literally the first character to be seen speaking, young rebel Ravella (also the first character to be killed off) is played by Gillian Bailey, who only a few years earlier was Billie on Here Come the Double Deckers!.

I would add that the sexual spark between Blake’s lawyer and his wife, played by Michael Halsey and Pippa Steel, is very convincing. And the scenes of dystopian scrubland outside the future city were filmed in Bray, Berkshire, now in Theresa May’s Maidenhead constituency.

17 May 2007 (again):

Space Fall: I think the least successful of the three, in that it just involves people talking and occasionally fighting on a spaceship, or on two spaceships (once we find out about the Liberator). Having said that, we have a lot of useful introduction — Jenna, Avon and Gan all make their first appearances here (Vila having already been briefly in the previous episode). And we are slightly on tenterhooks as to who is actually going to be a regular character and who isn’t: the unfortunate Nova looks at first like he is going to be one of the Seven, but then gets suffocated by oozing gel.

The Federation officials continue to be utterly horrible, with Leylan, who seems like the nice cop, unable to restrain the nasty Raiker. And the contrast between the functional Federation ship and the alien if dusty Liberator (not yet called that) is effective.

What struck me this time was the weird 1970s image of future tech, which I guess was also true for the first episode but more noticeable here with less plot going on. You have to have big chunky keyboards and flashing lights.

Cygnus Alpha: This is the one where we meet the alien technology of teleportation, that point where Blake’s 7 tried to prove that it was not just aping Star Trek — the visuals were different, the psychological approach to the technology was different, though unfortunately it still worked just exactly the same as the elder version. It memorably features Brian Blessed as Vargas, the leader of the peculiar cult on the eponymous prison planet, which ends with exactly what Avon had predicted happening to him: “I would imagine that they would appear momentarily in space, and then that their atoms would be scattered to the solar winds.”

Again, it’s not clear who is going to be among the 7 until the very last moment — especially since, in fact, we are still not up to our full complement by episode’s end, with only five humans aboard the Liberator (we don’t yet know for sure that Zen counts as one of them).

Oddly enough the teleportation technology is an excuse for a significant exchange between Blake, Avon and Jenna. The two men have just discovered that they both had worked on a project on a similar technology back on earth; Jenna tells them sharply, “I didn’t work on it.” It’s almost a defining moment: the key relationship in the series is between Blake and Avon, and the women are sidelined now and mostly hereafter as well. I have written before about Terry Nation’s women characters, concluding by praising him for the introduction of Soolin in later Blake’s 7 series, but Nick Barlow pointed out that in fact she almost certainly came from someone else.

Here I noted with interest the first of several evil priestesses, played by Pamela Salem, who appeared in Doctor Who twice (and also in The West Wing as the British prime minister).

And the dialogue is getting good as we settle into the format:

Blake: [Blake picks up an alien device on the Liberator] Hand gun?
Avon: It’s a bit elaborate for a toothpick.
Blake: It depends on how elaborate their teeth were.

1 July 2007:

Time Squad: The title of this episode is very peculiar. I suppose it could refer to the alien guards on the captured space pod, but the only sense in which they are a “time squad” is that they are drifting forward in time in suspended animation. It’s even more difficult to make it fit any of the other groups of characters in the story.

However, a lot of this episode is about misdirection of the audience by the writer. At the start, it looks like we are going to settle into a pattern of Blake and team attacking Federation assets à la Resistance fighters of the second world war, and each episode is therefore going to be a raid of the week. But once we have the problems of the pod’s inhabitants running wild about the Liberator, and the sense that the ship itself is powerful but not completely reliable, it looks like this is actually a story about beating off an infiltration on-board while still trying to pull off the mission on the ground. And then there is a further twist, as it turns out that the resistance fighters planetside have been reduced to one telepathic babe.

The episode then resolves in a fairly standard way — alien threat defeated, Federation base blown up as planned — but there have been enough twists getting there that you feel you’ve had your money’s worth. And we now know who the Seven are.

Watching the episodes in quick succession, I was struck by the hint that some time has passed for the characters since Cygnus Alpha

Vila is getting better and better.

Blake: You have to be careful of the plant life around here. Some of it’s carnivorous. Some species even have an intelligence rating.
Vila: That’s a comfort. I should hate to be eaten by something stupid.

The Web: This episode is partly about more back-story for Cally, but I think much more about Blake and to a lesser extent Avon. I saw this first time round in 1978, but had forgotten the detail (possibly lost on me when I was ten) that the evil scientists on the ground are dissidents from Cally’s people. It’s noticeable that the three people who we see being taken over by the baddies’ brain influence are the three women, Cally, Jenna and the female cyborg. I found the crew’s willingness to forgive Cally for sabotaging the ship (even if under mind control) rather too swift. Surely after what happened last episode they should have learnt to be wary of alien interlopers?

But we have lots of Blake here, both ethical!Blake and gay!Blake. Ethical!Blake in his growing realisation of what the situation actually is, and in the end in his refusal to countenance the destruction of the Decimas, even though this means danger for his own crew. (That final scene in the lab, with the Decimas contemptuously trashing the bodies of the cyborgs, is pretty horrific and did linger in my memory for the last thirty years!)

But also gay!Blake in his relationship with Avon — that moment when Avon throws himself at Blake to protect him from the bomb which is about to explode is fantastic — Avon tries to explain it away as an instinctuive reflex — yeah, right, their hands are practically intertwining. And there is practically no body chemistry between the men and the women on the Liberator, apart from Vila’s attempt to chat up mind-controlled Cally — which would probably have been disastrous anyway, as rather than compliment her on her appearance he asks her to compliment him on his!

NB also lots of classic Terry Nation twists — this is basically a riff on Davros and the Daleks, with the important difference that the Decimas are not in fact evil.

Full marks to the person who spotted this link.

It seemed to me even more jarring this time that Cally, the newest of the crew, is not treated with more suspicion by the others when under mind control. Again, maybe this jumps out more when you are watching the episodes a day or so apart rather than a week apart.

And jeepers, the final scene with the Decimas remains as chilling to 52-year-old me as it was for 10-year-old me.

7 November 2008:

Seek-Locate-Destroy is the one which introduces Blake’s foes Travis and Servalan, in a scene of crackling testosterone. We also get the unexpected bonus of Peter Miles (Nyder in Genesis of the Daleks) as Secretary Rontane, demanding Blake’s head, and some lovely lines from Vila: “Tell him I’ve just worked out a completely new strategy. It’s called running away.” “There isn’t a lock I can’t open — if I’m scared enough.” Nice character bits as they attack the complex in the first half of the episode.

Unfortunately after that first scene with Servalan, Stephen Greif seems to rather lose interest in playing Travis and Terry Nation rather loses interest in giving him anything interesting to do. The core of the plot is promising — Blake risking all to rescue captured Cally — but in the end it is rather disappointing that he simply teleports through the defences that Travis has laboriously set up precisely to prevent him from doing so, and the dramatic punch evaporates.

Poor Cally — it takes ages for the crew to realise that they have left her behind, and it’s not as if it is difficult to count to five.

It is interesting that the Federation already has a rough idea of Liberator’s speed and capabilities, suggesting again that there has been a lot more action off-screen that we have not seen.

Incidentally, both Gareth Thomas and Jacqueline Pearce were in the 1974 BBC David Copperfield (as Murdstone and Rosa Dartle respectively). But he was in the first two episodes and she was in episodes 3–6, so they were not on screen together.

Mission to Destiny is an interesting example of B7 veering into a completely different genre, as essentially a locked-room murder mystery on board a spaceship, with a subplot of Perilous Journey for Blake and the others. Avon solves the mystery and gets one of the best quotes ever. (Cally: “My people have a saying, ‘A man who trusts can never be betrayed, only mistaken.’” Avon: “Life expectancy must be fairly short among your people.”) John Leeson, the Voice of K9, plays one of the spaceship crew whose mutual antagonisms support the plot. We also get a glimpse of life on human planets outside the Federation.

It all works except for the Liberator sub-plot, where the timings (desperate run to the planet Destiny, through the meteor storm, yet somehow back again in time to catch the Destiny crew before the bad guys arrive) just don’t work out. Also it might not have been a bad idea to check that there was something in the box before risking life and limb for it.

This is a very good example of Terry Nation’s approach to an episodic series by having the occasional episode with very little relation to the main narrative, the same sort of spirit that we would later see with Buffy. As far as I remember we get more of this later on. But the answer to the mystery is rather obvious…

As for Duel, it is essentially an interesting variation on the equivalent Star Trek, Frederic Brown and Longyear — most notably, that Blake and Travis get their companions as well to help them. Again, Avon gets the best line (“Blake is sitting up in a tree; Travis is sitting up in another tree. Unless they’re planning to throw nuts at one another, I don’t see much of a fight developing before it gets light.”) Some good special effects especially as Liberator rams Travis’s ship.

As always with this type of story, I am bothered by the fact that we don’t get a good handle on the means and motivation of the god-like aliens. Poor Isla Blair, playing Sinofar, was obviously rather cold. The concept of the Mutoids is good and well explored though.

Just to make the point that Sinofar is another evil priestess (as indeed is Patsy Doyle as Giroc).

Project Avalon works perhaps the best of these four episodes. It is strangely reminiscent of a couple of Terry Nation’s Doctor Who stories — the whole underground lab reached through a cave complex thing from Genesis of the Daleks (and indeed The Daleks), the android doubles from The Android Invasion (and less seriously The Chase) and the super-vicious virus from Death to the Daleks! (and referenced also in Genesis). Here he has boiled some of his own favourite themes together to make a decent drama.

I still don’t like Stephen Greif as Travis, but I did like the changed relationship with Servalan, she now is putting him under pressure to deliver (and I’m not really sure that his assertion that he could have eliminated Blake but for the Federation’s insistence on capturing the Liberator is supported by that we have seen on screen). A lot of fans don’t like Julia Vidler as Avalon but I think she’s OK, both as Avalon herself and the android double. Some decent special effects as well. Vila and his heat suit is hilarious. Even Blake gets a good line (“They probably tried to surrender…). The best of these four. Apart from the stupid robot.

I had completely forgotten ever watching this episode before, but again I rather enjoyed it. It was also fun to recognise the Wookey Hole caves from Revenge of the Cybermen and David Bailie from The Robots of Death (which Pamela Salem was also in). I totally failed to recognise Glynis Barber as the main Mutoid, despite the fact that she becomes the regular character Soolin in future series.

23 November 2008:

Breakdown — The one about Gan’s limiter breaking down (hence the title). The first half is a bit silly, with David Jackson doing manic grunting and throwing the rest of them around while yet another dangerous sector of space must be crossed; the second half is really rather good, with the two tensions of 1) is the surgery going to work and 2) is Avon going to defect from the crew. Julian Glover is brilliant as nasty genius surgeon Kayn, and Avon is at his most sinister, with the Avon/Blake relationship at its worst. Also we have the comic relief of Kayn’s sexist assistant: “I love girls with a sense of humour” — to which Jenna replies, “Yes, I can see where that would be an advantage.” But I must say this isn’t the one I would show someone to get them into the series.

Blake’s 7 really isn’t that good at convincing plots about space threats. Why on earth does Zen shut down and refuse to be helpful? It makes no sense, and then there is no follow-up from the rest of the crew to try and make sure it doesn’t happen again. So for all they know, Zen will just shut down again the next time they face a severe threat. Not very satisfactory.

But Julian Glover is tremendous.


Bounty — A drastically overpadded story. This is the one where for no apparent reason they are rescuing an ex-President and the Liberator, again for no apparent reason, gets temporarily captured (offscreen) by bounty-hunters who are old friends of Jenna’s. There is one good line — Avon reflecting to fellow captive Blake that “None of us showed conspicuous intelligence on this occasion.” Vila gets some nice moments, and it seems that Jenna has a past and a personality as well. But this could have been a decent story at half the length.

On rewatching, I thought the first half was dramatically quite strong, apart from the fact that the guards are very very stupid indeed as well as being poor shots. The location is lovely though — the Waterloo Tower in Quex Park. And for once Cally gets to use her telepathic skills.

NB that the two main villainous robed guys are both played by actors who were born in India. Yep, the first visible non-white characters in the whole of Blake’s 7 are thieves and collaborators, who hit on Jenna.

Deliverance — This is much more like it. Here the two stories are 1) Avon finds himself the subject of a prophecy saving a lost race, also subject to the worship of the charming Meegat; and 2) Ensor junior hijacks the Liberator in an attempt to save his father, as the result of an unusually evil plot by Servalan which even has Travis blinking. Avon, having been a potential turncoat two episodes previously, is now forced to discover some nobility of character by circumstances, and duly does so (Vila to Avon: “Counting yourself, that makes two people who think you’re wonderful”. Poor Cally continues her descent into uselessness, being mere canon-fodder for Ensor junior’s hostage-taking. Jenna, captured by savages, does rather better.

Just to note that Meegat is yet another priestess, though not actually evil, played by Suzan Farmer who I don’t think I have seen in anything else, but she was married to Ian McShane until her death in 2017. I did wonder about the ecosystem on her planet. The Primitives appear to have no women.

Speaking of women, it’s unfortunate that Cally and Jenna end up being peril monkeys here.

Orac — The season ends with one of its strongest stories. With Deliverance, it’s the first properly linked pair of stories since the very start of the season; all the crew who went down-planet last week falling ill with radiation sickness this week. It depends on a rather odd distribution of medicines (Ensor doesn’t have what he needs, but does have what the Liberator folks need) but once you swallow that, it’s tense and well-paced. I was mildly puzzled by the way in which Servalan and Travis didn’t quite seem in phase once we switched to the studio scenes, and it turns out that Stephen Greif was injured and couldn’t do them; in which case I think they handled it well.

Did anyone else think that Derek Farr as Ensor was very much channelling William Hartnell’s Doctor? More on this below.

The final cliff-hanger — Orac’s prediction that the Liberator would be destroyed — kept us all guessing for a year; was that the prediction on the screen, or was that what had actually happened?

I had forgotten that Orac does not actually say that the Liberator will be destroyed — the line is “space vehicle will be destroyed” and then what looks like the Liberator blowing up.

I was really struck by Vere Lorrimer’s skill in persuading us that a quarry in Rickmansworth is an alien seaside, by use of stock pictures and sound effects of waves rolling in. I think the lizard-thing is the first actual alien non-human monster we have had too; there are plenty of human monsters in the Blake’s 7 universe.

My conclusion after all of this is that anyone who wants to appreciate Terry Nation’s work in Blake’s 7 also needs to see his early Doctor Who serial, The Keys of Marinus. The six 25-minute episodes are essentuially five distinct stories, the last being a two-parter, in which the regulars are sent to different environments for the adventure of the week. Several of them — the murder mystery, the chilly environment, the bottled brains — have fairly direct parallels in B7, but I’m more struck by the underlying concept of subjecting your team to different stresses and seeing what it brings out of them — Nation wasn’t actually terribly good at this, but the thought was there. One thing he manages in B7 which he didn’t do so often in Who was humour. Well, we’ll see if the new Survivors is any cop.

I never got around to the new Survivors, but am glad to be back with Blake’s 7.

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Lethbridge-Stewart: The Havoc Files [vol 1], ed. ?Shaun Russell

Second paragraph of third story (“The Ambush”, by Andy Frankham-Allen):

The colonel looked back at his squad. They’d made it as far as Charing Cross Station before the fungus stuff blocked their way. Up until now it had been safer to travel on foot through the Underground tunnels, but the Yeti had started advancing there too. Spreading out that web of theirs. He glanced at the civilian they’d rescued. The one man who could help them in this fight. Professor Travers.

This is a set of eight short stories in Andy Frankham Allen’s Lethbridge-Stewart universe, looking not only at the gap between The Web of Fear and The Invasion, but also at the earlier and later life of the Brigadier. Four of the eight stories are by Andy Frankham-Allan; two of the other four are by “Dave Cross”, who has no other Who of sf credits and may be a pseudonym. The two standout stories for me are the first, “The Enfolded Time” by Frankham-Allan, which actually resolved the UNIT dating controversy as far as that can ever be done, and the fourth, “Legacies”, by “Norma Ashley” (definitely a pseudonym) which takes a sort of Turn Left approach to The Web of Fear. I realise now that these stories are all set after the first series of Lethbridge-Stewart novels but before the second, which I have just finished reading, so perhaps I should go for the second Havoc Files volume next. It’s fairly continuity-laden, but you can get it here.

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Cycling in Victorian Ireland, by Brian Griffin

Second paragraph of third chapter (it's a long one, brace yourself):

Ireland's first cycling club, the Amateur Velocipede Club, was organised in Dublin by Dr Austin Meldon in 1869. Its first two meeting places were Meldon's house at 10 Weston Row and the house of a pawnbroker, Edward A. Hayden, at 43 Clarendon Street, before a permanent club premises were found at the Exhibition Palace Annexe at Earlsfort Terrace on 26 November 1869. The club met on Wednesday evenings, when as many as seventy members often assembled for practice and also to learn various cycling tricks. Meldon's club — one of the first in the world — petered out in 1873, due to the premises having to be given up and the club's inability to find suitable alternative accommodation, as well as the death of some of the principal members.2 Another Dublin club, the Earlsfort Terrace Machinery Court Club (which was either the second or third to be established in Ireland) was formed in 1870,3 possibly connected with Neal's riding school in the Exhibition Palace building, but it does not appear to have lasted as long as Meldon's club. By 1875 two other clubs existed in Dublin — these were the Dublin Amateur Bicycle Club, the older of the two, which had its headquarters in Dublin city, and the County Dublin Bicycle Club, with its headquarters in Kingstown. According to one source, the former club 'had little life in it' by 1875, whereas the latter club (whose members included Austin Meldon's brother Louis, a solicitor) engaged in such pursuits as paper chases to Bray, Little Bray and Enniskerry, racing, playing the dangerous game of 'cross tig' on the jetty at Kingstown, and conducting club runs to destinations such as Glen of the Downs, Roundwood and the Seven Churches, and club tours to counties Wicklow, Wexford, Waterford, Cork and Kerry.4 There is no evidence that either of these two clubs was in existence by the early 1880s. Dublin acquired a third bicycle club in November 1875, following an acrimonious split in the County Dublin Bicycle Club. Some of the club members lived in Dublin city and resented what they considered the cliquey behaviour of the Kingstown members, which they believed meant that scarcely anybody but Kingstown residents could get elected to club membership, and there was also 'considerable jealousy' between the Dublin and Kingstown men. Following the committee's refusal on 2 November to move the club's headquarters from Kingstown to Dublin city, Louis Meldon and a prominent racing cyclist, William Persse Blood — the son of William Bindon Blood — decided on the following day to form a club of their own. The new club — the Irish Champion Bicycle Club — whose first general meeting was on 18 November 1875, had committee rooms over Lawrence's on Grafton Street at first, but later changed its headquarters to a premises at Bachelor's Walk.5 It was instrumental in organising the first Irish cycling championship races in June 1876, which function was taken over in 1882 by the Irish Bicycling Association (whose name was changed to the Irish Cyclists' Association in 1884). A fourth Dublin club, the Dublin University Bicycle Club, was formed in the winter of 1877, with R. Hassard, a well-known racing cyclist, as its first captain,6 while the Phoenix Cycling Club was established in the capital in 1878.7 The latter was inaugurated by eight cyclists who met at the Phoenix monument in the Phoenix Park in September 1878. One of these suggested the formation of a club for holding fixed runs in the evenings, which suggestion was accepted by the others present. By September 1881 the Phoenix club, with over fifty members, was the largest cycling club in Dublin.8
2 Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: for the Year 1869 (Dublin: Alexander Thom, 1869), p.1400; Irish Cyclist, 26 March 1890.
3 Irish Wheelman, 25 September 1894.
4 Irish Cyclist, 7 May 1890.
5 Icycles, December 1880; Irish Cyclist, 21 May 1890, 2 July 1890. William Bindon Blood was the club president; William Persse Blood was its secretary, and Louis Meldon, — a solicitor, and brother of Dr Austin Meldon — was its captain.
6 Irish Cyclist, 11 June 1890. For accounts of the Dublin University Bicycle Club and of cycling at Trinity College Dublin in the nineteenth century see Kenneth Bailey, A History of Trinity College Dublin 1892-1945 (Dublin:The University Press, 1947), pp 130-33, 164; Trevor West, 'Football, Athletics and Cycling: The Role of Trinity College, Dublin in the Evolution of Irish Sport' in Sarah Alyn Stacey (ed), Essays on Heroism in Sport in Ireland and France (Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003), pp 141-142.
7 Bicycling News, 20 September 1878.
8 Morning Mail, 14 September 1881.

This is a short but comprehensive book about the evolution of cycling from upper-middle-class fad to a mechanism to erode patriarchal and class oppression in late nineteenth-century Ireland. When bicycles first appeared on the island in the 1860s, they had no gears, solid wooden wheels rimmed with metal or rubber, and the pedals were attached directly to the axle of one of the wheels, usually the front. They were also expensive and therefore the province of the rich, or of the committed hobbyist. Brakes were also a later invention, and I must say my heart sank reading accounts of riders hurtling down steep hills unprotected; it is surprising that there were not more fatal accidents.


Source: The Jarvey, 15 November 1890

The introduction of chains (the "safety bicycle"), gears and brakes all helped, but the single most important technical innovation transforming bicycles from hobby to economic engine was one invented in Belfast. In 1887 John Boyd Dunlop, a veterinary surgeon originally from Scotland, had the idea of replacing the metal rim on his son's bicycle wheel with an inflated rubber tube. The rest is history, as early adopters in Belfast humiliated all opponents in cycle races and Harvey Du Cros, the President of the Irish Cyclists' Association, entered a business partnership with Dunlop to market the new product. Dunlop did not make a lot of money from his invention, but the company he and Du Cros founded still bears his name. Since 1988, roughly the centenary of his invention, he has appeared on the £10 bank notes issued by the Northern Bank and subsequently Danske Bank in Northern Ireland.

These technological innovations and mass production brought them within the reach of most people who might want one by the 1890s, and in particular they were socially and economically liberating for women, who could now travel independently (Griffin quite rightly has a whole chapter on this). Also whole new avenues of employment opened up exploiting the new technology, as is always the case. There was pushback from some quarters.

In 1895 the more conservative members of the hierarchy tabled a motion on the agenda for the Irish bishops' meeting in Maynooth, which criticised as undignified the growing use of bicycles by priests and seminarians… Archbishop William Walsh of Dublin, the primate of Ireland, was an avid cyclist and, aware that the anti-cycling proposal was one of the items up for discussion, he arrived at the meeting on his bicycle, having ridden it from Dublin — Walsh's telling action left 'little room for further discussion' on the matter! (pp. 72-73)

From Dublin to Maynooth is about 26 km, and the Archbishop was a fit 54-year-old, so he probably did it in about an hour and a half, as long as he was used to the long 3 km climb from Chapelizod to Palmerstown and the shorter sharp rise out of Leixlip.

The book is tremendously well researched and thoroughly illustrated with contemporary cartoons, advertisements, photgraphs and other material. It's a tremendous example of taking a niche subject, researching it thoroughly and presenting the results clearly. My only complaint, as so often with academic books, is GRRRRRR endnotes. Really, we have the technology to put relevant information at the bottom of the page where it is needed. Otherwise recommended, and you can get it here.

I was once a keen cyclist myself, and as a teenager toured the megalithic sites of western county Down by bike from the hub of Loughbrickland; one summer, some friends and I cycled around Donegal, starting the tour with an epic 125-km ride to Gortin, Co Tyrone (not helped by a 20 km detour around Portadown where we thought we could cross the Bann at Bannfoot). I am less ambitious now, and have twice cycled to Brussels in the last ten years (and once back). Having tried the new Uber electric bikes, I fear I have gone soft in my middle age and may get one of them. A friend of mine indulges in fixed-gear riding in London

5E65CA49-E9AF-4493-8CA4-1802F8B8058D.jpeg

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My tweets

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Tuesday reading

Current
Cloud and Ashes, by Greer Gilman
The Sparrow, by Mary Doria Russell
David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens
Seven Pillars of Wisdom, by T.E. Lawrence

Last books finished
Paper Girls Volume 6, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang

Next books
Be My Enemy, by Ian McDonald
The Bastard of Istanbul, by Eilif Shafak

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My tweets

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September books

Non-fiction: 6 (YTD 41)
Setting the Truth Free: The Inside Story of the Bloody Sunday Campaign, by Julieann Campbell
De Bourgondiërs, by Bart Van Loo
Anthropological Studies of Religion: An Introductory Text, by Brian Morris
The Writing Life, by Annie Dillard
Cycling in Victorian Ireland, by Brian Griffin
In Ethiopia with a Mule, by Dervla Murphy

Fiction (non-sf): 4 (YTD 25)
Pigs in Heaven, by Barbara Kingsolver
Make Out With Murder, by Lawrence Block
The Topless Tulip Caper, by Lawrence Block
How To Be Both, by Ali Smith

sf (non-Who): 2 (YTD 63)
The Devil in Amber, by Mark Gatiss
A Local Habitation, by Seanan McGuire

Doctor Who, etc: 5 (YTD 25)
Resurrection of the Daleks, by Eric Saward
Resurrection of the Daleks, by Paul Scoones
Doctor Who: 365 Days of Memorable Moments and Impossible Things, by Justin Richards
In Time, ed. Xanna Eve Chown
Lethbridge-Stewart: The Havoc Files, ed. Shaun Russell

Comics 6 (YTD 25)
Paper Girls Volume 1, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 2, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 3, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 4, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 5, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 6, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang

5,000 pages (YTD 49,000)
7/23 (YTD 72/180) by non-male writers (Campbell, Dillard, Murphy, Kingsolver, Smith, McGuire, Chown)
6/23 (YTD 29/180) by PoC (Chiang x5)
5/23 (YTD 23/180) rereads (The Topless Tulip Caper, Resurrection of the Daleks (Scoones), Paper Girls 1, 3 and 4)

Reading now
Cloud and Ashes, by Greer Gilman
The Sparrow, by Mary Doria Russell
David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens
Seven Pillars of Wisdom, by T.E. Lawrence

Coming soon (perhaps):
Be My Enemy, by Ian McDonald
The Bastard of Istanbul, by Eilif Shafak
Frédégonde, la sanguinaire, Tome 1, by Virginie Greiner
Luck and the Irish, by Roy Foster
Normal People, by Sally Rooney
The Computer Connection, by Alfred Bester
Two Brothers, by Ben Elton
The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison
A Close Run Thing, by Allan Mallinson
"Catch That Zeppelin!", by Fritz Leiber
Being Human: Bad Blood, by James Goss
One of the 28th: A tale of Waterloo, by G. A. Henty
The Last Days of New Paris, by China Miéville
My Century, by Günther Grass
The Invisible Man, by H.G. Wells
Dragon’s Claw, by Steve Moore
Being Human: Bad Blood, by James Goss
Black Wine, by Candas Jane Dorsey
Sybil, by Benjamin Disraeli
The Three Musketeers, by Alexandre Dumas

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My tweets

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My top tweets, 2019 Q3

At the end of June I listed my top tweets of the year so far, mainly out of general interest but partly to see how I could maintain my position in the list of Top 40 EUInfluencers, which I scraped into in 2017 and 2018 (in 37th and 39th place). In fact I didn't make it this year, but I think some reflection one what's been successful and what hasn't in the last three months' tweeting. This time I've taken the Twitter analytics and looked at the top tweet in each category, ranked here by aggregate rank in all categories. That gave me the following top ten tweets from the last three months. Six of them are about Brexit, three are about sf and one is just an article which I found interesting and thought worth sharing.

Because I am not confident in Livejournal's abilty to embed tweets, I am embedding screenshots as well; apologies for double emploi.

10) This (from just the other day), a response to the writer Robert Harris had the highest engagement rate at just over 27%. I guess "engagement rate" is engagements (those who click on it) divided by impressions (those who see it in their stream). Replying to someone with a lot of followers (Harris has 71,000) will probably increase the rate of engagement.

9) This got the most permalink clicks (clicks onto the tweet itself from desktop views), which is gratifying as it is me quoting myself. Clicks through to the June tweet won't appear in the stats for July-September tweets, but it too picked up a fair bit.

8) This got the most impressions, probably because Neil Gaiman retweeted it to his 2.7 million followers, and also the most detail expands, not that there were many details to expand:

7) This got me the most profile clicks and the most new followers, boosted by the fact that Peter Foster himself retweeted it (and he has 47,500 followers):

6) This got the most replies (10), all of which supported my view.

5) This got the most URL clicks, an interesting case of content completely unrelated to either sf or Brexit, but the fact that the lede featured the phrase "a sex dungeon, and Dick Cheney" possible encouraged people to look at the article. It is a great piece.

4) This got the most hashtag clicks (I don't do hashtags as much as I maybe should), and scored well enough on other metrics:

3) And this got the most media views, a clip that I snipped myself from the Parliament web feed; it is being quoted by others to reiforce the basic historical point being made.

2) This got the most engagements, also the most media engagements (helped perhaps by having three media rather than just one). It was retweeted only twice, by Andrew Duff himself (with 16,000 followers) and by sf writer Charles Stross (with 61,000 followers)

1) And finally, my top tweet of the quarter, with the most retweets (63) and the most likes (153);

I’m reasonably satisfied with this methodology for counting the impact of my Tweets, and will repeat at the end of the year.

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My tweets

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The Writing Life, by Annie Dillard

Second paragraph of third chapter:

The cabin was a single small room near the water. Its walls were shrunken planks, not insulated; in January, February, and March, it was cold. There were two small metal beds in the room, two cupboards, some shelves over a little counter, a wood stove, and a table under a window, where I wrote. The window looked out on a bit of sandflat overgrown with thick, varicolored mosses; there were a few small firs where the sandflat met the cobble beach; and there was the water: Puget Sound, and all the sky over it and all the other wild islands in the distance under the sky. It was very grand. But you get used to it. I don’t much care where I work. I don’t notice things. The door used to blow open and startle me witless. I did, however, notice the cold.

I had not particularly heard of Annie Dillard, but I really liked this book about how to write – or maybe more accurately, how she writes, how she creates the time and space for her to organise her own thoughts, her interactions with other people and with nature, with some repetition of themes but also real consistency. There’s then a final chapter about the death of the stunt pilot Dave Rahm, which seems to be included as a worked example, and works OK even if a bit inconsistent with the rest of the book.

It’s therefore a bit weird to read a statement on Dillard’s website by her husband, informing us that The Writing Life is “a book she repudiates except for the last chapter, the true story of stunt pilot Dave Rahm”. It rather spoils my enjoyment to know that the author has allowed the book to stay on the market even if she doesn’t believe in it herself any more, and rather violates the spirit of writerly integrity that she seems to advocate in the book. If you are prepared to overlook that, you can get it here.

The Writing Life was my top unread book by a woman, and my top non-fiction book. Next on the former pile is The Bastard of Istanbul, by Elif Şafak; next on the latter is My Century, by Günther Grass.

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My tweets

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How To Be Both, by Ali Smith

Second paragraph of third section, 21st century:

Cossa, George said.

Second paragraph of third section, 15th century:

Now, he said. This cup here has the Water of Forgetting in it. This cup here has the Water of Remembering. First you drink this. Then you wait a little. Then you drink the other.

One of those prize-winning books from a few years back that I have only now got around to reading. Not a lot to say about it, except that I enjoyed it. It comes in two halves, one about a girl in contemporary Cambridge whose mother has recently died, and who has become obsessed with the portrait of Saint Vincent Ferrer by Francesco del Cossa, and the other about del Cossa who turns out (in this narrative) to have been a woman passing as a man in Renaissance Italy. The two stories echo into each other, and it was a satisfying read. You can get it here.

This was my top unread book acquired in 2018. Next on that pile is Normal People, by Sally Rooney.

My tweets

  • Thu, 12:02: RT @afpfr: L’ancien président de la République Jacques Chirac est mort ce jeudi matin à l’âge de 86 ans, a annoncé son gendre Frédéric Sala…
  • Thu, 12:56: RT @IsabelHardman: Genuinely quite shocked by Boris Johnson describing as ‘humbug’ Paula Sheriff’s complaint about his language in which sh…
  • Thu, 13:30: RT @nick_gutteridge: 1/ EU officials and diplomats were dismayed by last night’s furore in Parliament, and events in general over the past…
  • Thu, 15:06: RT @UKPoliticalNews: About to start an internal briefing for colleagues in DC, Berlin, Paris & Brussels on the current state of #Brexit and…
  • Thu, 16:05: RT @nickjbarlow: With the caveat that precise seat calculations from current polls aren’t much more than random number generators, those sp…
  • Thu, 16:11: RT @ellieelizaa: I rarely actually tweet, especially about politics – am more of the silent retweeter – but after the chilling scenes in Pa…
  • Thu, 16:12: MEPs reject Romanian and Hungarian nominees for European Commission https://t.co/Qj9Q4IBUcH Big news.
  • Thu, 17:11: RT @nicktolhurst: 1/ A thread on the Jennifer Arcuri & Boris Johnson story & why it’s a bigger scandal than you think. Where to start? T…
  • Thu, 18:54: Anthropological Studies of Religion: An Introductory Text, by Brian Morris https://t.co/93SstNQQXj
  • Thu, 18:55: RT @unamccormack: My first fiction sale was a short story to @dwmtweets, issue #197, in 1993. I was 21. https://t.co/4wWhzTVBVa

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Anthropological Studies of Religion: An Introductory Text, by Brian Morris

Second paragraph of third chapter:

The high-level questions about the origins of religion that these Victorian scholars posed and the evolutionary framework within which they set their intellectual problems have long ceased to interest or guide anthropologists; nevertheless, the naturalistic and critical stance they took toward religion has continued to bear fruit. What is of interest is that the men who posed these questions — Tylor, Spencer, and Durkheim, in particular – were not only of the highest intellectual caliber but have had a lasting influence on Western culture, the social sciences especially.

Although I’ve ended up a political activist and pundit, and my father was a professor of political science, I am not all that well versed in political theory myself. This book takes up all the great sociological and anthropological thinkers and surveys what they said about religion, from Hegel to Levi-Strauss. I found it rather frustrating in that very few of them seem to have engaged with what religion actually does in the real world. I did not see the word “priest” used anywhere, for instance. I got a strong impression that a lot of big names in both sociology and (to my surprise) anthropology seem to have arrived at religion as a thing that they needed to factor into their wider ideas about the structure of society.

One person who does come out of it quite well is Weber, who it turns out did not really believe in the Protestant work ethic as such. The only other writer who I felt inspired to find out more about was Levi-Strauss, who turns out to have been born in Brussels; it seemed to me that he was getting to grips with what religious practitioners actually mean.

The sad thing is that rather few anthropologists (or at least, none quoted here) seem to have spent much time looking at the role of religion in developed societies, which surely must hamper their ability to interpret what is going on in less developed societies.

Anyway, not a book I would especially recommend, but you can get it here.

This was my top unread book acquired in 2011. Next on that pile is Luck and the Irish, by Roy Foster.

My tweets

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In Time, ed. Xanna Eve Chown

Second paragraph of third story (“The Seventh Fanfic”, by Mark Clapham):

This last point was causing Bernice some grief, as she kneeled down holding a multi-tool with various wrench-like arms, trying to work out how to apply it to the twisted front wheel of her bicycle. She had twisted the wheel hitting a bump earlier that day, cutting across rough ground by the Advanced Research Department.

This is at present the last book of Bernice Summerfield stories, looking at her life from school to old age; just seven of them, of which the three standouts for me were “The Bunny’s Curse” by Doris V Sutherland (who I previously knew only for her fannish writing), Simon Guerrier’s “Benny and the Grieving Man” and James Goss’s “The Death of Hope”. Of little use for those who are not already into the continuity, but great fun for those who are. You can get it here.

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My tweets

  • Wed, 11:42: RT @eberlmat: Pep Guardiola never lost six matches on a row, sacked 21 of his best players or tried to suspend the football season for five…
  • Wed, 11:42: RT @IainDale: You are absolutely right. Which is why I won’t follow the crowd on this. The highest court in the land has made a unanimous d…

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Tuesday reading

Current
Cloud and Ashes, by Greer Gilman
The Sparrow, by Mary Doria Russell
David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens

Last books finished
Cycling in Victorian Ireland, by Brian Griffin
In Ethiopia with a Mule, by Dervla Murphy
A Local Habitation, by Seanan McGuire
Paper Girls Volume 1, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 2, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 3, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 4, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang
Paper Girls Volume 5, by Brian K Vaughan and Cliff Chiang

Next books
Be My Enemy, by Ian McDonald
The Bastard of Istanbul, by Eilif Shafak

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My tweets

  • Tue, 11:22: An excellent thread from @pmdfoster on Ireland and Brexit, and why the British approach of detaching Ireland from t… https://t.co/5LQ8Q9eL9U
  • Tue, 11:39: RT @BBCDomC: Lady Hale: ***This was not a normal prorogation. It prevented Parliament from carrying out its constitutional role.*** Parliam…
  • Tue, 11:41: RT @BBCDomC: Lady Hale: There has been no explanation from the government about why the PM needed a five-week prorogation.
  • Tue, 11:42: RT @davidallengreen: GOVERNMENT DEFEAT THE PROROGATION WAS UNLAWFUL
  • Tue, 11:42: RT @BBCDomC: PRIME MINISTER LOSES PROROGATION CASE – **UNANIMOUS JUDGMENT** OF THE SUPREME COURT’S 11 JUSTICES. Jaws are dropping in court.
  • Tue, 11:43: RT @JoshuaRozenberg: Hale: what remedies? Prorogation is NOT a proceeding in parliament, with which the courts cannot interfere.
  • Tue, 11:44: RT @JoshuaRozenberg: Hale: order in council is void and should be quashed. Parliament has not been prorogued.
  • Tue, 11:44: RT @mattholehouse: Hale: Order in Council was unlawful and of NO EFFECT. The prorogation was of no Effect. “PARLIAMENT HAS NOT BEEN PROROGU…
  • Tue, 11:46: RT @bbcnickrobinson: “Unlawful, void & of no effect” – the extraordinary, unanimous & historic verdict of the Supreme Court on @BorisJohnso

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