May Books 7) Alternate Generals

7) Alternate Generals, ed. Harry Turtledove (with editorial assistance from Roland Green, and Martin H. Greenberg getting copyright credit)

Collection of alternate history pieces with a military theme. Most of these were pretty unmemorable. “And so – Nelson fought for the French! Napoleon joined the church! Custer lived and was elected president!” If the entire story can be summed up in half a sentence I wonder why I bothered reading the rest.

Three did stand out from the crowd for me. “Billy Mitchell’s Overt Act”, by William Sanders, and “Vati”, by R.M. Meluch, both made the same historical point from opposite directions: they have a brilliant air commander in the second world war whose decisions manage to put his side in a much better tactical position, with, ironically, much worse strategic consequences than in our time-line. An interesting contrast.

The most fun was Lois Tilton’s “The Craft of War”. The idea is a little more subtle than most: Sun Tzu, exiled from China, is hired by the Persians and helps them conquer Greece. The story is told as a Socratic dialogue between Socrates himself and Alcibiades, and Tilton succeeds in casting the characteristic style of Sun Tzu in Socratic terms. My one regret was that she didn’t do much with the acerbic character of Socrates himself, but this was the one story in the book that left me wishing I knew more about the historical background.

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The only qualification for being an expert…

…Via : This is absolutely glorious.

The Times has the story:

IT WAS not until midway through the live television interview that the BBC interviewer started to grow suspicious. The man whom she believed to be an expert on internet music downloads seemed to know precious little about his subject.

Not only that, but the stocky black man with the strong French accent bore little resemblance to the picture on the expert’s website, which showed a slim white man with blue eyes and blond hair.

Full interview here. The look of sudden horror, followed by a feeling of “Oh, what the hell!” that goes across the guy’s face as he realises he is being interviewed live on TV about a subject he know very little about is an object lesson to us all. In the circumstances, I think he performed rather well.

Edited to add The bloke who should have been interviewed has given us his side of the story.

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May Books 6) Old Man’s War

6) Old Man’s War, by John Scalzi

After reading Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin, I declared that I knew which novel was getting the top vote in my Hugo ballot. I now know which of the nominees is getting the lowest vote, though the middle three will need a bit of sorting out.

It’s not that I actively dislike military sf. It’s not particularly my thing, but I will read it from time to time, as I will occasionally read horror, romance, etc. My preference is for well-thought out fantasy sagas, and for sf of the Asimov’s variety. And I think Scalzi does the military stuff here rather well: even if the plot and structure and ideas of the book are mainly a homage to Starship Troopers (Heinlein gets an explicit thank-you in the afterword) and a response to The Forever War (Haldeman is, however, not mentioned), there is more actual evidence of serious thought of what military strategy and tactics might look like in the standard sf interstellar setting than in either of the precursors.

Two things lost me however. One was a fairly minor flaw, comparable to the flaws of other Hugo nominees. Quite simply, the characters are supposed to be 75 years old when they are recruited to the space army, and then get rejuvenated to become fighting machines. Nothing wrong with that, but I found the dialogue between the 75-year-old characters simply unconvincing, sounding more like what you would hear around the table from sf fans in their mid-thirties. They just did not sound old, and that robbed some of the credibility from the set-up, and removed some of the zing from the rejuvenation process.

That on its own might well have left me pondering Old Man’s War‘s merits equally with Learning the World, Accelerando, and A Feast for Crows. But one passage in the middle of the book not only failed to convince me on its own terms but also exposed a glaring weakness in the set-up. Of course, my own experience gives me a particular vantage point here, but I think it’s worth going into details. If you don’t want spoilers, LOOK AWAY NOW!

The specific problem is the character of Thaddeus Bender, who believes that the military solution is being invoked too readily:

two-time Democratic senator from Massachusetts; former ambassador (at various times) to France, Japan and the United Nations; Secretary of State in the otherwise disastrous Crowe administration; author, lecturer, and finally, the latest addition to Platoon D. Since the latest of these had the most relevance to the rest of us, we had all decided that Private Senator Ambassador Secretary Bender was full of crap.

Bender’s background is one that, for obvious reasons, interests me:

“In my first term as Senator, I went to Northern Ireland as part of a trade junket and ended up extracting a peace treaty from the Catholics and the Protestants. I didn’t have the authority to make an agreement, and it caused a huge controversy back in the States. But when an opportunity for peace arises, we must take it,” Bender said.

“I remember that,” I said. “That was right before the bloodiest marching season in two centuries. Not a very successful peace agreement.”

“That wasn’t the fault of the agreement,” Bender said, somewhat defensively. “Some drugged-out Catholic kid threw a grenade into an Orangemen’s march, and it was all over after that.”

“Damn real live people, getting in the way of your peaceful ideals,” I said.

The conversation ends with Bender unintentionally offending his commander with the following sentence:

“Much evil has been done under the guise of ‘just following orders’… I hope we never have to find ourselves using the same excuse.”

It turns out that the commander’s own family were brutally massacred by men who were “just following orders”.

Bender dies less than ten pages later. He walks into a stadium filled with angry aliens (angry because our heroes have just landed in their capital city and are smashing it up), and offers to make peace with them; needless to say, he is cut down at once, and our heroes retaliate by killing all present.

In a postscript, the commander tells the narrator that Bender had a point when he said that the military are probably being used too much and diplomacy by other means too little, but that the answer is to follow orders long enough to get into a position where you can give them. She herself is then killed off on the next page.

I’ll save the politics until the end, because I want to start by analysing the caricature that is Bender. Working backwards, we have the following:

  1. The peacenik who walks into a hostile crowd and gets cut down. A standard figure of fun in military fiction, I imagine. Reminiscent here of a couple of scenes from The Life of Brian.

    But of course totally ludicrous to portray anyone behaving in that way who had been engaged with international diplomacy as Bender is supposed to have been. Anyone who has been near a position of responsibility – especially who, it is implied, as Secretary of State had been the best thing in the US government – would know not to engage with the other side a) against direct orders, b) without having identified clearly who your interlocutors are, c) without in fact having an idea of what deal might be possible at the end.

    Bender breaks all of these cardinal rules of peacemaking diplomacy, and while it is imaginable that a peacenik activist who had no actual experience of real peace processes might get it that badly wrong (cf my discussion of the characters simply not sounding old enough, above), it fatally undermines the character’s believability – and raises real questions about the author’s overall message, which I’ll get to – that a supposed senior statesman does not.

  2. The peculiar exchange with the commander about “just following orders”. It’s not at all clear to me why this turns into an argument: both characters seem to agree that the Eichmann excuse is wrong. Again, I’ll save the politics for later, but the explanation of why the commander took offence seemed weak. Perhaps she just didn’t like talking about anything reminding her of the massacre of her family sixty years before. (Then why join the army?)
  3. The Northern Ireland bit. This really did offend me. It is entirely true that the two worst marching seasons we have had in my lifetime came a) in 1996, immediately after the beginning of the talks, and b) in 1998, immediately after the Good Friday Agreement had been signed. What I remember from 1998 is that, after the horrible incidents in Ballymoney, when three boys were burnt to death in a sectarian attack, and Omagh, when 29 people were killed in a no-warning bomb, the community actually came together, and there was a very strong mood (since, alas, largely dissipated) of trying to make the new agreement work. Since then, although the agreement has not been exactly 100% successful, the violence has pretty much ended rather than breaking out again as Scalzi would have predicted. Damn real live people, as none of his characters is likely to say, getting in the way of his militaristic preconceptions.
  4. The American bit, including a bit more on Northern Ireland. Bender is presumably supposed to be a mixture of George Mitchell (who was indeed originally sent to Northern Ireland by President Clinton on a trade mission, and did indeed return with a peace agreement), and the two present senators from Massachusetts, Kennedy and Kerry, both of whom are hate figures for the American right. (And isn’t that use of “two-time” rather than “two-term” an interesting choice?)

    Possibly unlike John Scalzi, I have actually seen George Mitchell in action. I was a researcher for one of the delegations in the Northern Ireland peace talks which he chaired, from the start of June 1996 until I went to work for Uncle Sam in Bosnia at the end of that year. Mitchell is quite simply one of the most impressive politicians I have seen in operation. His gravitas, combined with a certain personal humility, put him head and shoulders above anybody else in the room in terms of quality of statesmanship, including the representatives of the British and Irish governments. (And, I have to admit, my own party.)

    Former senators, especially former Democratic senators, especially those who have gone off to try and do good in places that John Scalzi doesn’t know much about, are rather easy targets for writers who don’t like senators, especially Democratic senators, on principle. Quite apart from the fact that I disagree with what I understand to be the political message, this is simply lazy writing.

But it is the political message behind this chapter, and, I suspect the rest of the book, that upsets me most. Let me be clear: I am not a pacifist. I supported NATO in its campaign on Kosovo in 1999, and the US in its campaign in Afghanistan in 2001. But I think Clausewitz had it right when he said that war must be considered as a political act, in a political context – “Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln”. Politik is completely absent from Old Man’s War. We have absolutely no idea of who is in charge of the army, or who appointed them, or how the policy might be changed. The only character who raises these questions in a sensible way is the commander who is then killed on the next page.

Meanwhile even the slightest thought of peace-making is for dummies who get their come-uppance by making futile pacifist gestures. Give war a chance, and don’t ask what it is actually for.

(I didn’t mention, did I, that the army into which our heroes enlist is actually called the Colonial Defence Forces? I must say that the scene where they take revenge on Bender’s killers by slaying the entire stadium had certain resonances for me, which possibly didn’t help my mood.)

So, not really recommended, I’m afraid, unless you feel comfortable with the author’s politics. And I don’t.

Edited to add: OK, prodded by and ‘s responses below, I popped over to Scalzi’s blog and had a read: and it’s pretty clear that his political views are, in fact, a lot closer to mine than is apparent from the novel. Which in my view makes the situation slightly worse. There is already enough of this militaristic stuff out there being written by people who believe in it.

Further edited: Ulp, see reply by Scalzi himself below!

Finally edited to add: See my follow-up post dealing with some of the points made here and on Scalzi’s blog.

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Odd things

Re-reading Charlie Stross’ tale of attempted phishing (posted two months ago, but has only just turned up on ) reminded me of an odd thing that happened a few days ago.

I took a call from someone claiming to be a Danish journalist, asking me for a background chat about, well, let’s call it Syldavia, one of the less exciting countries I work on. Oddly, the caller display on my phone showed a +1 number, not a +45 Danish one. OK, I thought, sometimes there are glitches. But then he started asking me some questions which seemed to me to be based on a rather one-sided take on the Syldavian situation, slanted towards the country’s rather dubious dissident faction. I smelt a rat, and told him so, and asked if I could call him back. He gave me a Danish number, which did inded get through to him on the second attempt, via a convincingly Danish-sounding switchboard, and we completed the conversation.

I mean, I have to be fairly open and transparent in my job; I like to think that I would have given the same background briefing to the Dane as I would to a student, or to a spy, or to Charlie Stross if he decided to set any of his fiction in Syldavia (in fact he already has, though I did not brief him about it), or to a teenager writing an essay for high school. But, as Charlie says, the first rule of security is “Know who you are talking to”. And I didn’t feel I did, in this case.

Though the only thing I was really worried about, given the slant of the questions, was that the interview would get distorted and end up posted as an attack piece on some web-site supporting the Syldavian dissidents, who are a nasty bunch with an effective line in propaganda.

Last week, for completely unrelated reasons, I asked for a meeting in the European Commission to discuss the situation in Syldavia, and discovered that one of the officials now dealing with the dossier is a fairly senior Dane who I knew in her previous job. I asked her if she had picked up any recent press coverage in the Danish media, and explained why. She had not, and declined to speculate on what might have been really going on.

For all I know, it really was a journalist and the story got spiked due to lack of interest. I’ve searched the relevant Danish media organisation’s website and they haven’t published a story on Syldavia (at least not one that ended up online) since 5 April. Certainly that makes more sense than any other explanation, but the combination of apprently wrong incoming phone number, oddly slanted questions, and no actual media follow-up is weird. As Ronald Reagan always used to say, Доверяй, но проверяй.

As it happens, I go to Berlin this evening, and the President of Syldavia will be there too – I am hoping to attend a public event he is doing tomorrow evening. I will be very surprised if Denmark comes up.

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May Books 4) Heart of Darkness, 5) Things Fall Apart

4) Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad
5) Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe

Slightly by accident, this turned into a very interesting paired reading of two famous short novels, both directly addressing the question of the European colonial policies in Africa, for completely different reasons. I got the Achebe book for my birthday, and while googling him for a bit of background came across his essay on Conrad, which inspired me to go back and re-read the older book.

I had first read the Conrad book while living in Banja Luka in 1997, itself a place that had been dubbed “the heart of darkness” during the war, so it has a certain meaning for me. The Achebe was basically on my reading list anyway, though I was also a bit intrigued because my grandmother has a note of meeting him in her memoirs, when they were both visiting Makerere University in Uganda, where my father was teaching in the late 1950s. I don’t have my grandmother’s anecdote to hand, but it is something to the effect that she felt Achebe was rather full of himself. (Of course, it takes one to know one; and this must have been almost exactly at the time that Things Fall Apart was first published to wide acclaim, so he would have had every reason to feel patronised by well-meaning elderly American ladies who hadn’t heard of him.)

Both books are set in the 1890s, I think. Achebe’s critique of Conrad is pretty perceptive. His accusation that Conrad is a “thoroughgoing racist” is harsh but well-founded. And I have to agree with his assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of Conrad’s writing style. The sense of tropical oppression really does get a bit relentless, reminding me almost of Lovecraft’s At the Mountains of Madness.

I think he is a little unfair in two respects. First off, I think Conrad’s writing reveals not only the standard racism of his day, but also a general misanthropy. His descriptions of Brussels, for instance, really make the flesh crawl:

…a city that always makes me think of a whited sepulcher. Prejudice no doubt. … I found myself back in the sepulchral city resenting the sight of people hurrying through the streets to filch a little money from each other, to devour their infamous cookery, to gulp their unwholesome beer, to dream their insignificant and silly dreams.

Nobody comes out of the story well. The other point where Achebe I think is unfair is in totally rejecting the proposition

that the attitude to the African in Heart of Darkness is not Conrad’s but that of his fictional narrator, Marlow, and that far from endorsing it Conrad might indeed be holding it up to irony and criticism… he neglects to hint however subtly or tentatively at an alternative frame of reference by which we may judge the actions and opinions of his characters. It would not have been beyond Conrad’s power to make that provision if he had thought it necessary. Marlow seems to me to enjoy Conrad’s complete confidence…

Marlow, certainly, enjoys Conrad’s complete confidence; but he is critical (if somewhat off-handedly so) of the whole colonial enterprise, and in particular of the easy resort of the European colonists to violence. Kurtz is fascinating but also appalling, but almost more appalling is the conclusion of the company boss that he was “a partisan of methods for which the time was not ripe” – the implication being that at some point the time would indeed be ripe for the local agent to get the locals to make blood sacrifices to him and to decorate his hut with their severed heads.

Achebe’s book is certainly the better of the two. As an sf fan, I very much enjoy novels where the author has put sufficient time into world-building, and Achebe has done the same here, in a reconstruction of what an Ibo villager’s life would have been before the arrival of Europeans. The first half of the book, practically, is an infodump about traditions, rituals, social structures; the sort of background colour about Africa which is wholly absent from Heart of Darkness. No doubt there will be scholars now and in the future who try to disprove Achebe’s depiction of the details, as they did with Alex Haley’s Roots; that is a bit like criticizing Shakespeare for putting clocks in Julius Caesar (and anyway any inaccuracies in Achebe’s account are much less obvious). This is a work of fiction, and what I require is that it be told well, and it is. If I want a history book I’ll read a history book.

It does, however, seem to me that Achebe is vulnerable to the same criticism that he makes of Conrad. Okonkwo surely enjoys Achebe’s confidence as much as Marlowe enjoys Conrad’s; what does Achebe think of Okonkwo’s regular beatings of his wife and children, which appears to be only criticised if happening at the wrong ritual time? Edited to add see below kulfuldi on Achebe’s misogyny.

His portrayal of the clash of cultures between the British colonisers and the Ibo is gripping and tragic. It must also have been revolutionary in its day. Achebe himself grew up in an evangelical Christian environment, so in telling this story he is rejecting not only the received wisdom about enlightened colonialism, but also presumably his own family background. This explains perhaps why the focus of the intrusion is not so much on the physical force aspects of the colonial regime but on the impact of Christianity. The missionaries, Mr Brown and Mr Smith, are I think the only named white men in the book. It is the destruction of the church that triggers the final catastrophe.

Given the concentration of the book on telling Africa in its own terms, I was a bit puzzled at the reliance of the title on Yeats. I suppose Yeats is invoked as someone who played a crucial role in the reclaiming of Irish culture. I just don’t know enough about African perceptions of Irish history to make a judgement. And I’m not sure, to be honest, how useful the concept of “colonialism” actually is. It seems to me that history has always been about the relations between powerful and less powerful, and sometimes shoehorning events into a colonial mould isn’t helpful. But that’s a general remark, not one directed at the explicitly colonial environments depicted in these two books.

The Sontaran Experiment and Spearhead from Space

I’ve been catching up on classic Doctor Who which I had not previously seen.

Watched “The Sontaran Experiment” last weekend. It comes between two excellent stories of Tom Baker’s first season, “The Ark In Space” and “Genesis Of The Daleks”. Alas, the two episodes in between are not much cop, with the Doctor, Harry and Sarah running around a quarry and falling down holes, in the company of some dishevelled stranded astronauts, a Sontaran and a robot reminiscent of Graeme Garden’s computer from the Goodies. The final victory is implausible even by Doctor Who standards of plausibility, and the experimentation scenes gratuitously nasty without adding much to the plot.

Jon Pertwee’s first story, “Spearhead from Space”, is a different matter. Since I was not yet three when this was first broadcast, I knew about it only from the various guides and from the Target novelisation – the first ever Target novelisation, in fact – which as some may remember actually featured line-drawing illustrations in the first edition. So I was rather hoping that it might be perhaps half as good as it seemed to me when I first read the story aged roughly nine. And it was, in fact, excellent. I took detailed notes à la , as follows:

Episode 1: Wow, doesn’t it look 1970s! It’s the glasses as much as anything. And, as with “The Christmas Invasion”, we have the new Doctor out of action and comatose for much of the episode. This leaves the Brigadier and Liz Shaw (who I had never seen before) doing a sort of precursor to the X-Files – the Brigadier actually says, “We deal with the odd… the unexplained. Anything on Earth… or beyond.”

The Third Doctor’s historic first words are, “Lethbridge-Stewart! My dear fellow, how nice to see you again.” All the accents are awfully posh – well, the Doctor and Liz are anyway – which makes the poacher Sam’s accent even more noticeable. (Is that really the traditional Essex accent? I am not an expert in these matters but am somehow not surprised to discover that location filming was in Worcestershire.) Note attempt at enlightenment by having the head of the radar station in the very first scene a military woman, addressed as “Ma’am” by the bloke at the screen.

Episode 2: Good lord, I know a bloke in Brussels who looks just like the hapless Hibbert. (And this is the same actor who plays the Draconian Emperor in “Frontier in Space”, and Broton in “Terror of the Zygons”! Rather impressive.)

Great exchanges between Liz and the Brigadier:

L: “I deal with facts, not science fiction ideas.”
B: “there is a remote possibility that outside your tidy little world, other things may exist.”
L: “You really believe in a man who’s helped to save the world twice and has the power to change his physical appearance, an alien who travels through time and space… in a police box????”

Shower scene: Hmm, is Jon Pertwee the only actor ever to have played Doctor Who in the nude? (And perhaps also the only one with a tattoo?) (Indeed, is has Doctor Who ever got closer than this to a nude scene from any actor?)

Once the Doctor meets Liz they are flirting away with each other, the Brigadier having rather dashed his own chances with her by remarking that she is not just a pretty face…

Episode 3: Ooh arr, more accents from Sam and Meg. But she at least redeems herself with some brilliant reactions to the Auton towards the end of the episode. Still unconvinced by him.

The unfortunate Ransome trying to reclaim his factory – is this a subtle tribute to C.S. Lewis, I wonder? The protagonist of the trilogy that starts with Perelandra is called Ransom.

Fascinating sub-plot of the new character of the unreliable and frankly dishonest Third Doctor, perhaps in a return to the First Doctor’s nasty qualities after the good-guy persona of the Second, trying to escape his responsibilities in the TARDIS and manipulating Liz to get the key off the Brigadier. Though, again, the Brigadier digs his own hole by patronising Liz. Moral of the story: don’t patronise women. (Especially the really intelligent ones.)

Episode 4: Poor General Scobie – duplicated, hypnotised, and wakes up being stared at by the customers of Madame Tussaud’s. And I found it interesting, given the BBC’s supposed policy against advertising, that the waxwork museum is clearly identified as Madame Tussaud’s. (I’ve never seen the attraction of it myself.) I wish Liz hadn’t screamed, though other companions would have screamed for longer I suppose.

Note for work purposes: is “Scobie”‘s confrontation with the UNIT staff perhaps the first fictional portrayal of the clash between national and UN chains of command which has proved in more recent times to be such a problem in the Balkans?

Simply superb scene as Channing installs the swarm leader globule, practically kneeling in worship, and then the special effects of the Nestene consciousness coming into being are just brilliant. (“We are the Nestenes!” declared Channing, and Anne, watching beside me, squeked in recognition of the name from “Rose”.)

Doctor wearing cape and blowing the door open – very like a stage magician. He has fully captured the role now, the poor Brigadier is definitely #3 in the pecking order.

The shop window dummies coming to life – one of those great Doctor Who moments, and no surprise at all that Russell T Davies decided to reprise it almost unchanged in “Rose”.

A great climax, UNIT and the Autons exchanging fire outside while the Doctor wrestles with tentacles inside the factory and Liz wrestles with the Plot Device Gizmo to locate the “on” switch. But I shouldn’t mock, it is very well done – production values which seemed to have disappeared ten or fifteen years later.

The whole thing made me realise just how true to the series’ traditions “Rose” was. Like “Rose”, “Spearhead from Space” was effectively a relaunch of the series – six-monthly runs of stories, all in colour, all set on Earth. They had to prove that the old show could work in the new format, and they succeeded. (Compare “Attack of the Cybermen” which was surely when the writing went on the wall for the old run.)

Finally, isn’t it amazing how few of the great stories from the original TV run of Doctor Who were not touched by Robert Holmes at some point? I hadn’t quite taken in that apart from being script editor for the first (and best) Tom Baker years, he also wrote this, “The Ark in Space”, “Carnival of Monsters”, “The Caves of Androzani”, “The Deadly Assassin”, “The Krotons”, “The Power of Kroll” (well, we all have an off day), “The Ribos Operation”, “The Sun Makers”, “The Talons of Weng Chiang”, “Terror of the Autons”, “The Time Warrior”, and “The Two Doctors”. Plus a couple more I’d completely forgotten about. Will have to add more to my collection…

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One less party to think about

The Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition have given up the ghost (hat-tip Belfast Gonzo). The Irish Times states that:

The party is widely acknowledged to have had considerable influence in framing the Belfast Agreement and in smoothing relations between hostile parties in the Assembly. Ms McWilliams and Pearl Sagar were involved in the negotiations on the agreement.
(Slightly mischievous thought: I wonder who has been making these wide acknowledgements?)

Their electoral history is as follows:

1996: Founded just before the May 30 Forum/talks elections. The founders wrote to all the existing parties asking how many women would be standing in the elections, and declared that they were dissatisfied with the answers they received, so founded a new women-only party. (I wonder, if any party had assured them that it planned to run a majority of women candidates, or indeed only women candidates, would they have decided not to bother founding the party after all?)

I was the central campaign organiser at the time for the Alliance Party, and we did in fact run the most gender-balanced slate of candidates of any group standing in the elections; of course we received the letter from the NIWC’s founders before we had selected.

In the elections they got just over 1% of the vote (reaching the dizzy heights of 3% in South Belfast). Because of the peculiar electoral system adopted by the Major governemnt to ensure that the small Loyalist parties got elected, they got two seats in the Forum and a place at the talks table due to coming ninth. For a fringe party, it was not a bad result – they got more than twice the votes of longer established parties like the Greens, the Workers Party or the Conservatives who were actually in government of the UK at the time.

1997: The Women’s Coalition ran three candidates in the Westminster election who got a total of 3,000 votes and came nowhere near getting elected. In the local council elections three weeks later they won a seat in Newcastle, Co Down (a seat that the candidate concerned had narrowly failed to win, as an Alliance Party candidate, four years before).

1998: Kate Fearon has written up what I think is still the only published account by a genuine insider of the talks chaired by George Mitchell. A chapter is here. It is certainly true that the Civic Forum part of the agreement was an NIWC proposal, though other participants in the talks were reportedly less impressed by their attempt to grandstand on the electoral system in the final hours of the negotiations.

As a result of the agreement a new Assembly was elected – in this case, the Women’s Coalition’s finest electoral hour. Although their total votes were not huge, at only 1.6%, they got two representatives in through the front door, as it were, in South Belfast and North Down.

The next elections they contested were the simultaneous local and Westminster contests of 2001. In the Westminster contest, they concentrated their fire on South Belfast and got their highest percentage poll for anywhere in any election, 7.8%, coming third, ahead of Sinn Fein and Alliance. In the local council elections, they lost the Newcastle seat but picked one up in Bangor.

Howver, the 2003 elections for the Assembly (suspended then, and still suspended now) were the beginning of the end. Compared to 1998, their vote share halved (to 0.8%) and both Assembly seats were lost – the seat in South Belfast by only 127 votes, but that was that.

The Women’s Coalition were among a number of groups supporting independent candidate John Gilliland for the European Parliament election in 2004. He scored a respectable 6.6%, but was far from being elected.

In the simultaneous 2005 elections for local councils and Westminster, their only candidate was their one remaining elected representative, their councillor in North Down; and she lost her seat. So last night’s announcement came as no big surprise.

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Inside job

One of my contacts has this to say about the job I applied for last week:

of course this will be an open competition, the Commission will look for the best possible candidate etc….. however, there is an individual already in the Commission whose job has gradually developed into something very like the role described here etc…… In fact, the phrase “likely formalisation of a de facto situation …” was used. So, yes it looks interesting. But my gut feeling is that it is already a done deal. Of course, nobody will say that. But I thought might be useful for you to know…

Well, I didn’t get my hopes up, knowing how the system works. Nothing venture, nothing gain…

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May Books 3) Dark Side of Venus

3) Dark Side of Venus, by “Clem Macartney” (W.D. Flackes)

Got this as part of my continuing exploration of the literary output of W.D. Flackes, the voice of reasonable political journalism on BBC Northern Ireland when I was growing up – see also my write-up of his Ten Years to Oblivion, which was like Dark Side of Venus published in 1951.

This is a much less imaginative story. Where Ten Years to Oblivion had alien civilisations and time travel, this is just a Dan Dare/Biggles rip-off (Dan Dare made his first appearance in 1950, the year before this was published). When you read the first sentence:

Rocket-Squadron Commander Dan Fury, one of the most distinguished and most decorated young pilots in the British Air Command, looked at the instruments of his ramjet supersonic fighter.

– well, you have a pretty good idea where this is going. (Our hero is described as “virile” as early as page 2, and indeed the evil dictator’s beautiful daughter falls hopelessly in love with him.) The Martians are planning to invade Earth from Venus; our hero’s task is to prevent them.

One thing I did find interesting was the description of Earth’s future politics. A recent Martian invasion of Russia was beaten off by the combined British and American forces, under the command of the Anglo-American World Government, which is based in Washington DC and London (the two cities take turns). What role the Russians, or indeed anyone other than the Brits and Americans (and Canada does get a brief mention at the end) play in the new world order is not explained. At least Dan Dare had a French side-kick; Dan Fury’s are a stereotypical Scot and an even worse loyal-but-thick Irishman.

Though the plot and characters are less imaginative, this is actually rather better written than Ten Years to Oblivion – so much better stylistically that I wonder if John Clute is right to state (in the electronic version of the Science Fiction Encyclopedia) that they are both by Flackes. I shall ask him.

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Interviews

I still owe questions to a couple of people, but anyway:

 :

  1. Why and when did you stop doing science?
    I had always wanted to be an astronomer; but in the summer of 1988, between my second and third years at Cambridge, I was on the summer course for aspiring astronomy students at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, which was still just about in Herstmonceux Castle in Sussex. I spent some time attending lectures; I spent some time with the telescopes; and I spent a lot of time in the library, reading the history of astronomy. And I realised that when it came down to it I was more interested in people than in stars; so I went and did a masters and then a doctorate in history of science. (At that point politics was a hobby rather than a career.)
  2. What under-rated book would you recommend to me?
    Ali and Nino by Kurban Said, the great romantic novel of the South Caucasus during the first world war. (It’s also quite short so not such an investment of time.)
  3. What’s your greatest fear on an everyday basis? Not huge fears, like death or financial insecurities, but small ones, like deadlines.
    Yeah, deadlines – you got it! I hate being late for anything, and yet often seem to be struggling against the clock/calendar, or waiting around in frustration for other people to get ready.
  4. Which historical period do you think you belong to or would you love to live in?
    The 12th century. My Master’s thesis turned out, by great good fortune, to deal with it. But I was already interested – this was when the Normans invaded Ireland, thus locking the Anglo-Irish relationship into one of military domination for centuries; when we have the fascinating Eleanor of Aquitaine, quite my favourite historical character; when the Crusaders lose Jerusalem; when the Glastonbury monks “discover” the tomb of King Arthur, and Thomas à Becket is murdered in Canterbury; and looking further east, this is the century that starts with Omar Khayyám and ends with Genghis Khan. What more could you ask for?
  5. What’s one thing that you wish you were better at?
    Keeping to deadlines Getting exercise.

 

  1. First and foremost: How did you find this entry
    I followed a link from

     , I think!

  2. Have you ever worked in Foreign Affairs, and if so, when?
    If you mean the Irish, or indeed any, foreign ministry, no I haven’t. I am an activist, not an official.

     ‘ description of me as an “international diplomat” was not completely accurate – though understandable as I do work in international diplomacy!

  3. Pick a number. 😉
    Oooh, so difficult – there are so many of them! But despite the attractions of 31 (which is both 1+5+25 and 1+2+4+8+16) I admit to a sneaking affection for 37.
  4. Whose posts do you comment most on on LJ?
    My own! But looking at my recent comments page,

      is in second place counting the last few days only.

  5. Are you in any fandoms?
    Doctor Who I reject this exclusivist approach to enjoying the genre Doctor Who.
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Coming travels

Apart from Germany next week, am now likely to be in the UK in three weeks’ time: invited to a conference in Bath on the 31st, will do various meetings in London on the 1st (and, I hope, the Tun that evening) and then finishing up in Oxford on Friday afternoon.

Anyone likely to be around?

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Anyone in or near Belfast…

…I would like someone in or near Belfast to do a couple of hours’ research for me in the Belfast Central Library or Linenhall Library (I expect that either will do). I just want copies of obituaries and any other pieces about a person who died in 1993. I will compensate you for your time and expenses (ie photocopying and postage). Shout if you are interested.

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Northern Ireland Boundaries, part one

The new boundaries for the 18 Northern Ireland parliamentary constituencies are to be announced at the end of next week. That will be fun…

Meantime, I’ve finally got around to looking at the plan to merge the current 26 local councils in NI into a mere seven, since that too will provide some redistricting excitement. My good friend Conal Kelly sent me this map of the basic reform some time ago:

Obviously there will be some adjustments to this map before the new councils come into being. I can fairly confidently forecast, for instance, that the Newcastle area (and maybe even Downpatrick?) will be moved from the South East to Southern districts, and in compensation the large but thinly populated part of Lisburn council that used to be in County Down pre-1973 will move from East to South East. Also since the new parliamentary boundaries to be published next week will further extend the Belfast parliamentary constituencies into the suburbs, it would seem sensible for Belfast City Council to do the same: prime candidates for absorption being Twinbrook/Poleglass, chunks of Castlereagh, and maybe also Glengormley.

So it is premature to do anything like merging the votes cast in the 2005 elections, and census results from 2001, and trying to work out what the new councils would look like if the people voting for them were to vote exactly the same way as in 2005. That hasn’t stopped Conal Kelly from doing the first two, and me from doing the thrid step, as follows:

South East
Down, Castlereagh, Ards, North Down
25.2% Catholic, 69.9% Protestant (2001)
36% DUP, 20% UUP, 1% UKUP, 1% PUP, 12% Alliance, 3% Green, 1% NIWC, 5% Ind, 14% SDLP, 6% SF (2005)
22 DUP, 12 UUP, 1 UKUP, 7 Alliance, 2 Green, 1 NIWC, 3 Inds, 8 SDLP, 4 SF

East
Antrim, Lisburn, Carrickfergus, Newtownabbey
26.8% Catholic, 68.7% Protestant (2001)
40% DUP, 22% UUP, 1% UUC, 1% Con, 10% Alliance, 2% Newtownabbey Ratepayers, 3% Ind, 9% SDLP, 11% SF (2005)
25 DUP, 14 UUP, 6 Alliance, 1 Newtownabbey Ratepayer, 2 Ind, 5 SDLP, 7 SF

North East
Coleraine, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Moyle, Larne
28.4% Catholic, 68.8% Protestant (2001)
43% DUP, 23% UUP, 4% Alliance, 6% Ind, 12% SDLP, 11% SF (2005)
26 DUP, 14 UUP, 2 Alliance, 4 Inds, 7 SDLP, 7 SF

Belfast
47.2% Catholic, 48.6% Protestant (2001)
25% DUP, 13% UUP, 3% PUP, 7% Alliance, 1% Green, 1% WP, 1% Ind, 16% SDLP, 29% SF (2005)
16 DUP, 8 UUP, 2 PUP, 4 Alliance, 1 Ind, 10 SDLP, 19 SF

South
Armagh, Craigavon, Newry and Mourne, Banbridge
55% Catholic, 43% Protestant (2001)
23% DUP, 20% UUP, 1% Alliance, 1% Green, 5% Ind, 22% SDLP, 27% SF (2005)
14 DUP, 12 UUP, 3 Inds, 13 SDLP, 16 SF

South West
Fermanagh, Omagh, Dungannon, Cookstown
61.7% Catholic, 37% Protestant (2001)
21% DUP, 18% UUP, 1% Socialist, 4% Ind, 17% SDLP, 40% SF (2005)
13 DUP, 11 UUP, 2 Inds, 10 SDLP, 24 SF

North West
Strabane, Derry, Limavady, Magherafelt
68.8% Catholic, 29.9% Protestant (2001)
20% DUP, 8% UUP, 1% UUC, 1% Socalist Environmental Alliance, 3% Ind, 29% SDLP, 37% SF (2005)
12 DUP, 5 UUP, 1 SEA, 2 Inds, 17 SDLP, 23 SF

As ever, for more information on election in Northern Ireland see my website.

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Tag list

How do I put a list of tags onto my livejournal? Is there a style which does it automatically, or do I have to mess around behind the scenes?

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Start the week

  1. Two antennas met on a roof, fell in love and got married. The ceremony wasn’t much, but the reception was excellent.
  2. Two peanuts walk into a bar, and one was a salted.
  3. A man walks into a bar with a slab of asphalt under his arm and says: “A beer please, and one for the road.”
  4. Two cannibals are eating a clown. One says to the other: “Does this taste funny to you?”
  5. “Doc, I can’t stop singing “The Green, Green Grass of Home.”
    “That sounds like Tom Jones Syndrome.”
    “Is it common?”
    “It’s not unusual.”
  6. Two cows are standing next to each other in a field. Daisy says to Dolly, “I was artificially inseminated this morning.” “I don’t believe you,” says Dolly. “It’s true, no bull!” exclaims Daisy.
  7. An invisible man marries an invisible woman. The kids were nothing to look at either.
  8. I went to buy some camouflage trousers the other day but I couldn’t find any.
  9. Two fish swim into a concrete wall. The one turns to the other and says “Dam!”
  10. And finally, there was the person who posted ten different puns to his blog with the hope that one of them would make people laugh. No pun in ten did.
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The Continuing Absence of Billie

Just watched last night’s Doctor Who Confidential, and found it impossible to ignore the fact that Billie Piper wasn’t even in shot when the cast did their read-through of the script.

Mind you, this is the same person who, when asked “Were you a big sci-fi fan before [_Dr Who_]?” replied “Not really. But when I read the scripts, I found it was a great balance between sci-fi, which can be a bit detached, and real, genuine, emotions.” (Thanks to Ansible for that gem.)

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May Books 2) Spin

2) Spin, by Robert Charles Wilson

I’ve read two of Wilson’s previous novels, Hugo nominees Blind Lake and The Chronoliths, and based on that experience probably wouldn’t have bothered reading this if it had not also been nominated for the Hugo this year. And that would have been a mistake: much as I have enjoyed reading the other Hugo nominees, and much as I respect and like the other authors concerned, I think Spin is going at the top of my list. (Yes, I have bought a non-attending membership of LaCon IV.)

The Chronoliths had a fantastic story of Strange Alien Happenings in the near future on such a wide scale that the world is changed for ever; but lost out rather badly on the denouement. Blind Lake was a bit more modest on the Strange Alien Happenings front, concentrating a bit more on the social drama for the main characters, but essentially also failed in the delivery. Spin takes all the best aspects of the previous two, combines them with some very interesting political and philosophical commentary, and delivers a climax whose punch matches the expectations the rest of the story sets up.

The basic story is that one day, some time in the near future, humanity wakes up to find that the stars have disappeared, and that the earth is surrounded by a mysterious barrier. The mystery deepens when it becomes plain that time outside the barrier is passing 100 million times faster than time inside. But rather than rely on sensawunda to sell the story for him, Wilson concentrates on the implications of such a massive disruption for human society, telling it as the story of a family who are heavily implicated in the politics of the change.

Having just read Carl Yoke’s book on Zelazny, I was struck also by the Christ-like career of Wilson’s main character, Jason Lawton, perhaps a deliberate subtle contrast with the nutty Christian cultists with whom his sister Diane gets deeply involved. There is also a fascinating Martian character, who gives interesting responses to Wells, Bradbury and Heinlein’s takes on his own planet.

A really good book. Haven’t read Scalzi’s Old Man’s War yet – in fact I think that is the last piece of Hugo-nominated fiction for me to read this year – but I doubt it will change my mind: hope it wins.

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I am not really very computer literate

My PC at home (a Compaq Presario) currently is partitioned into a 7.35 GB main drive and a 2 GB backup. Both are practically full. Our needs have changed in the last few months, as F has discovered games and I have discovered, cough, archived videos. We've had it for just over five years.

Is there hope? Can I add much extra memory to it without having to resort to buying a new machine? If I do get a new computer, is it worth while considering getting one that I can just plug into the existing peripherals (printer, monitor/microphone, speakers)?

Your advice is welcome.

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Nebula Awards

This doesn’t seem to have hit the wires yet – Scott Edelman’s attempt to liveblog the event apparently never having started, and the SFWA website still not updated – but Jayme Lynne Blaschke has come up with the goods. I guess everyone else went to bed straight after the ceremony.

Best Novel: Camouflage, by Joe Haldeman. This beat three other books that I have read (1, 2, 3) and enjoyed, and two that I didn’t plan to read. Must therefore now go and get it, and see if the Nebula voters made a reasonable choice (as they appear to have in the other categories). This evens out Haldeman’s major award wins, now at 5 each for Hugos and Nebulas.

Best Novella: Magic for Beginners, by Kelly Link. Heavily tipped for this year’s Hugo as well. Unusual these days for anything to win the Nebula the year after publication, rather than two years after. Link’s second Nebula, for a great story which was clearly the best in its category.

Best Novelette: The Faery Handbag, by Kelly Link. The first time anyone has won two Nebulas on the same night since Connie Willis in 1993. Both of her stories that night (Doomsday Book and “Even the Queen”) also won Hugos. “Magic for Beginners” is up for one this year, and “The Faery Handbag” has already won, making it the 57th on my list of joint winners.

Trivia point: other people who have won two Nebulas in the same year: Pamela Sargent in 1988 – The Falling Woman and “Rachel in Love”“Hardfought” and Blood Music““Fire Watch and “A Letter from the Clearys”The Dispossessed and “The Day Before the Revolution”The Einstein Intersection and “Aye, and Gomorrah…”“He Who Shapes” and The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth.

Best Short Story: I Live With You, by Carol Emshwiller. It seemed more on the lines of horror to me than sf, and suffers from the cardinal defect of not being Margo Lanagan’s superb “Singing My Sister Down”. Not actually a bad story, but not I thought even the second-best on the short-list.

Best Script: Serenity. No surprise there; I haven’t seen the Battlestar Galactiva which was its sole opposition, but it would have needed to be exceptional to beat Whedon.

I previously blogged about the short-list here and the long-list here. Right, off to update my website…

(PS: The Andre Norton Award, if anyone’s interested, went to Valiant by Holly Black.)

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Spaceships and time travel

I see that Interaction has put the opening and closing remarks from last year's Hugo ceremony on-line (49 MB WMV file). To be honest I'm not sure that this was all that smart. It is, after all, in competition in the same category as "Dalek", "Father's Day" and "The Empty Child/The Doctor Dances". While those who were there will remember it fondly as an entertaining and witty frame for a jolly good evening, it doesn't really improve on re-watching. Though Kim Newman's line about "the then-secret Grand Bombe Atomique, the weapon which allowed France to prevail in the Great War of August 1914 to later that afternoon in August 1914" still raises a laugh.

(I see the Nebulas are being announced tonight.)

While tonight's Doctor Who didn't pack the same emotional punch as last week's, and the plot was rather ripped off from Tom's Midnight Garden, I still enjoyed it. I thought Sophia Myles was superb. Only at one point, as the Doctor was pretending to be drunk, did I feel we had strayed into "Coupling" territory.

But next week there will be Cybermen!

Afterwards and I went outside – and I brought F downstairs – to see if we could catch the International Space Station, supposedly visible from 2154 to 2159 at our location according to the wondrous Sky and Telescope site. I'm pretty sure we were looking in the right direction but the sky was still too bright. Oh well, there's always tomorrow evening from 2219 to 2222.

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May Books 1) Roger Zelazny

1) Roger Zelazny, by Carl Yoke

As some of you may have noticed, I am a big fan of the late Roger Zelazny, and have been looking for this book for some time. It was not easy to track down – an Amazon Marketplace order failed to find it in over a year, eventually I found a copy on eBay, and then even that took almost two months to reach me from the California dealer (plus I had to pay €10 customs on it).

It was worth the wait. This is easily as good as the other two and a half books I’ve read about Zelazny (by Theodore Krulik, Jane Lindskold, and a much shorter effort also by Yoke) put together. Unfortunately it was written in 1977, less than halfway through Zelazny’s writing career, which was cut short so prematurely ten years ago next month. Fortunately, it still covers what are generally considered to be Zelazny’s best works. There is a chapter each on “A Rose for Ecclesiastes”, This Immortal, “The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth”, The Dream Master, Lord of Light, “Home is the Hangman” (and the other two stories in that series), and the first five Amber books. Each of these is about ten pages long; I see that Yoke is an associate professor of English at Kent State University, so perhaps that explains why they read a bit like notes for a lecture course.

I found Yoke’s exploration of the layers of myth and meaning behind Zelazny’s early great work very enlightening. The most densely packed chapter is the one on The Dream Master and the Arthurian mythos. The most interesting, for me, was the one on “The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth”, exploring its parallels with the Book of Job (which reminds me that I am still working on a piece on Ted Chiang’s “Hell is the Absence of God” for my website). It was also interesting to have flagged up front the recurring symbolism of the rose in “A Rose for Ecclesiastes” and the Amber books, and other uses of dance, water, and rings. And I found his explanation of Zelazny’s themes of form vs chaos, maturation and heroism, very convincing.

Having said that this is the best book I have found about Zelazny, there is surely scope for a better one. The prose is sometimes repetitive, and occasionally mises obvious points – for instance, while I am persuaded that it is important that Render, the name of the hero of The Dream Master, means “to represent or depict”, surely it’s also important that the word can additionally mean “one who tears apart”? Several chapters rely too heavily on a single authoritative theoretical source (Peters’ Rilke, for instance for “A Rose for Ecclesiastes”). And I simply can’t agree that Flora and Fiona are difficult to distinguish in the Amber books!

Anyway, food for thought.

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Note from Bulgarian history

How a carefully designed consociational power-sharing arrangement was subverted by a young mathematical politician

(I’ve taken this from R.J. Crampton’s excellent History of Bulgaria, page 21; some subsequent correspondence with Crampton; and Sava Grozdev’s account as given in Paul Jainta’s article, “Problem Corner: Contests from Bulgaria, I” in the European Mathematical Society’s Newsletter No. 45, September 2002)

The problem is this:

Given a set A = {a1, a2, …, a10}, find 30 subsets Ai, each with 6 elements, such that each element of A belongs to exactly 10 of the subsets Ai.
The context was the Treaty of Berlin of 1878. Bulgaria had gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in possession of a huge swathe of territory in the southern Balkans; the western Great Powers felt that this would give Russia too much influence and divided it three ways, with Macedonia going back to Ottoman control, a much smaller Bulgarian principality set up with its capital in Sofia, and an even smaller autonomous province called Eastern Rumelia, with its capital at Plovdiv (then called Philippopolis in English).


(More maps here and here, taken from WikiPedia)

The Great Powers wanted to set up the Eastern Rumelian government in such a way that the Greek and Turkish minorities would be represented in it. The province held elections for an assembly, and each member of the assembly got six votes for candidates for the ten-member “Permanent Commission” which was to be the province’s government. Richard Crampton tells me that on the eve of the elections in 1879, the 30 Bulgaria Orthodox assembly members met in Plovdiv under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Panaret. Ivan Salabashev, who had a PhD in maths (from Bolgrad in Bessarabia, now Bolhrad in Ukraine, where a lot of Bulgarian emigres to the Russian empire had settled), showed they how they could secure all ten seats for Bulgarian Orthodox representatives. The delegates refused to believe him and remained unconvinced until he staged a mock poll, or dry run. This changed things, and on the following day, Salabashev wrote out the voting slips for all the Bulgarian Orthodox delegates, and the result was as he had said it would be.

The subsequent history of Eastern Rumelia is brief. With its government firmly in the hands of ethnic Bulgarians, it voted to unify with the larger principality to the north in 1885, sparking war with Serbia. The Bulgarians won quite rapidly, and the war is now remembered outside the region, if at all, only as the setting for George Bernard Shaw’s “Arms and the Man”.

The subsequent history of Ivan Salabashev is a bit longer. According to the Ministry website he served three times as Minister of Finance of the unified Bulgarian state, and spent the last fourteen years of his life representing his country in Vienna. (I am intrigued by the ministry’s comment that he served as head of the “department of National Enlightenment” – “Дирекцията на народното просвещение” – in Eastern Rumelia in the 1879-1885 period – sounds pretty sinister, though I imagine it just means that he got the job equivalent to Minister of Education, which seems appropriate enough.)

Anyway, it all goes to show that no matter how many bells and whistles the international community may try and put into such arrangements, it is always vulnerable to the locals being willing to comply, and runs into real difficulty if the locals are smarter than the diplomats who set it up.

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